Prevalence of people living with multidrug-resistant HIV and limited treatment options in Spain.

Objectives: Our aim was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with multidrug resistance (MDR; confirmed resistance to three or more [or resistance to two or more plus contraindication to one or more] core ART classes) and limited treatment options (LTOs) in Spain.

Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, multicentre, cross-sectional chart review study undertaken in five reference Spanish centres. Participants were people with HIV on ART with MDR and LTOs (detectable viral load [HIV-RNA >200 copies/mL], treatment-limiting drug-drug interaction [DDI], or intolerance precluding the use of one or more ART classes).

Frailty Changes After Liver Transplantation. Results From a Spanish Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Until now, there has been limited evidence, primarily from US cohorts, focusing on frailty as a patient-oriented outcome after liver transplantation (LT). Our study aimed to explore the relationship between pre- and post-LT frailty in a multicenter European cohort of outpatients with cirrhosis undergoing LT.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of data from 180 LT recipients recruited between 2018 and 2020 from 5 Spanish centers.

Effectiveness of management zones for recovering parrotfish species within the largest coastal marine protected area in Brazil.

The establishment of multiple zones offering different protection levels within a Marine Protected Area (MPA) can minimize social conflicts while maintaining associated biodiversity benefits such as fish population replenishment. Parrotfishes are among one of the most ecologically important reef fishes; yet extremely overexploited worldwide. In this context, well-designed priority management areas allowing no fishing activity (no-take zones) could help recover fish species, such as parrotfishes, through a MPA zoning process.

How Donor and Surgical Factors Affect the Viability and Functionality of Human Hepatocytes Isolated From Liver Resections.

Unlabelled: Liver resections are a significant source of primary human hepatocytes used mainly in artificial liver devices and pharmacological and biomedical studies. However, it is not well known how patient-donor and surgery-dependent factors influence isolated hepatocytes' yield, viability, and function. Hence, we aimed to analyze the impact of all these elements on the outcome of human hepatocyte isolation.

Mortality and Causes of Death After Liver Transplantation: Analysis of Sex Differences in a Large Nationwide Cohort.

In the last few years, several studies have analyzed sex and gender differences in liver transplantation (LT), but none have performed a disaggregated analysis of both mortality and causes of death. Data from 15,998 patients, 11,914 (74.5%) males and 4,069 (25.

Impact of Liver and Pancreas Diseases on Nutritional Status.

Liver and pancreatic diseases have significant consequences on nutritional status, with direct effects on clinical outcomes, survival, and quality of life. Maintaining and preserving an adequate nutritional status is crucial and should be one of the goals of patients with liver or pancreatic disease. Thus, the nutritional status of such patients should be systematically assessed at follow-up.

Interventions to reduce infections caused by multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate different interventions to reduce multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) infection/colonization.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating interventions for prevention of MDR-E infection/colonization among hospitalized adult patients. The co-primary outcomes were mortality and MDR-E infections.

Long-Chain Hydrocarbons (C21, C24, and C31) Released by sp. MH778713 Break Dormancy of Mesquite Seeds Subjected to Chromium Stress.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by rhizobacteria have been proven to stimulate plant growth during germination and seedling stages. However, the modulating effect of bacterial volatiles on the germination of seeds subjected to heavy metal stress is scarcely studied. In this work, the ability of volatiles released by sp.

Real-time measurement of complex fast signals by bandwidth compression in frequency shifting loops.

We report coherent time-to-frequency mapping in frequency shifting loops (FSLs). We show that when seeded by a temporal signal shorter than the inverse of the frequency shift per roundtrip, the optical spectrum at the FSL output consists of a periodic replica of the input waveform, whose temporal amplitude and phase profiles are mapped into the frequency domain. We provide an experimental demonstration of this phenomenon and show how this simple setup enables real-time measurement of fast non-repetitive input RF signals with a detection chain two orders of magnitude slower than the input signal.

DOLAMA study: Effectiveness, safety and pharmacoeconomic analysis of dual therapy with dolutegravir and lamivudine in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients.

Dolutegravir (DTG) has shown effectiveness in combination with rilpivirine in with experience of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with 3TC in naïve patients (GEMINI trial). The main objectives of this real-life study were to analyze the effectiveness and safety of 3TC plus DTG in virologically suppressed HIV-1 patients and to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis.We conducted an observational, retrospective and multicenter study of HIV+ patients pretreated for at least 6 months with ART that was then simplified to 3TC + DTG for any reason.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome.

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare sequence due to a complete obstruction of the fetal airway that blocks the larynx or trachea, either intrinsic atresia or extrinsic compression (e.g., congenital neck mass).

Arbitrary energy-preserving control of the line spacing of an optical frequency comb over six orders of magnitude through self-imaging.

Spectral self-imaging (SI) is an efficient technique for controlling the line spacing (LS) of optical frequency combs (OFC). However, the degree of control is relatively limited, since the LS of the output comb must be set to be an integer sub-multiple of the input one. This technique can be extended to achieve arbitrary control of the comb LS by pre-conditioning the input comb with a properly designed spectral phase mask.

On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control.

Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are essential for solving questions in fundamental physics and are at the heart of quantum information science. Specifically, the realization of high-dimensional states (D-level quantum systems, that is, qudits, with D > 2) and their control are necessary for fundamental investigations of quantum mechanics, for increasing the sensitivity of quantum imaging schemes, for improving the robustness and key rate of quantum communication protocols, for enabling a richer variety of quantum simulations, and for achieving more efficient and error-tolerant quantum computation. Integrated photonics has recently become a leading platform for the compact, cost-efficient, and stable generation and processing of non-classical optical states.

SNR enhancement in high-resolution phase-sensitive OTDR systems using chirped pulse amplification concepts.

Phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (φOTDR) is widely used for the distributed detection of mechanical or environmental variations with resolutions of typically a few meters. The spatial resolution of these distributed sensors is related to the temporal width of the input probe pulses. However, the input pulse width cannot be arbitrarily reduced (to improve the resolution), since a minimum pulse energy is required to achieve a good level of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the pulse peak power is limited by the advent of nonlinear effects.

On the generality of the Talbot condition for inducing self-imaging effects on periodic objects: erratum.

Corrections to Eqs. (12) and (15) in our recent publication [Opt. Lett.

On the generality of the Talbot condition for inducing self-imaging effects on periodic objects.

Integer and fractional self-imaging effects can be induced on periodic waveforms across the time, frequency, space, or angular frequency domains by imposing a quadratic phase profile along the corresponding Fourier dual domain. This phase must satisfy the well-known "Talbot condition." The resulting period-divided fractional self-images exhibit deterministic pulse-to-pulse phase variations that arise from the solution of a Gauss sum.

Observation of spectral self-imaging by nonlinear parabolic cross-phase modulation.

We report an experimental demonstration of spectral self-imaging on a periodic frequency comb induced by a nonlinear all-optical process, i.e., parabolic cross-phase modulation in a highly nonlinear fiber.

Eco-epidemiological study of an endemic Chagas disease region in northern Colombia reveals the importance of Triatoma maculata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), dogs and Didelphis marsupialis in Trypanosoma cruzi maintenance.

Background: In Colombia, Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata are the main domestic triatomine species known to transmit T. cruzi. However, there are multiple reports of T.

PROUD-based method for simple real-time in-line characterization of propagation-induced distortions in NRZ data signals.

A simple, in-line method for real-time full characterization (amplitude and phase) of propagation distortions arising because of group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation on 10-20 Gbps transmitted NRZ optical signals is reported. It is based on phase reconstruction using optical ultrafast differentiation (PROUD), a linear and self-referenced technique. The flexibility of the technique is demonstrated by characterizing different data stream scenarios.

Time-delay to intensity mapping based on a second-order optical integrator: application to optical arbitrary waveform generation.

We propose and validate experimentally a time-delay to intensity mapping process based on second-order optical integrators. This mapping provides dynamic control of the intensity modulation profile of a waveform based on a purely passive and linear process. In particular, we can realize linear intensity control by tuning the time-delay between two optical pulses launched into a second-order optical integrator.

Sub-harmonic periodic pulse train recovery from aperiodic optical pulse sequences through dispersion-induced temporal self-imaging.

Temporal self-imaging effects (TSIs) are observed when a periodic pulse train propagates through a first-order dispersive medium. Under specific dispersion conditions, either an exact, rate multiplied or rate divided image of the input signal is reproduced at the output. TSI possesses an interesting self-restoration capability even when acting over an aperiodic train of pulses.

Terahertz-bandwidth photonic fractional Hilbert transformer based on a phase-shifted waveguide Bragg grating on silicon.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the first THz bandwidth on-chip photonic fractional Hilbert transformer. The reported design uses a novel approach, based on a uniform and nonapodized single phase-shifted integrated waveguide Bragg grating on silicon, where the fractional order P can be engineered by simply varying the effective index modulation δn. Experimental results for P=1.