Modified Pure Endoscopic Approach to Pineal Region: Proof of Concept of Efficient and Inexpensive Surgical Model Based on Laboratory Dissections.

Objective: In recent decades endoscopic techniques have been increasingly used in neurosurgery as they may offer a valuable close-up view of the working area through a minimally invasive surgical corridor. Herein, we present an inexpensive and efficient endoscopic surgical model using a borescope, which was used for a "modified pure endoscopic approach" to the pineal region.

Methods: A borescope video camera was connected to a 16-inch personal computer monitor.