Layer-selective deep representation to improve esophageal cancer classification.

Even though artificial intelligence and machine learning have demonstrated remarkable performances in medical image computing, their accountability and transparency level must be improved to transfer this success into clinical practice. The reliability of machine learning decisions must be explained and interpreted, especially for supporting the medical diagnosis. For this task, the deep learning techniques' black-box nature must somehow be lightened up to clarify its promising results.

Error-Correcting Mean-Teacher: Corrections instead of consistency-targets applied to semi-supervised medical image segmentation.

Semantic segmentation is an essential task in medical imaging research. Many powerful deep-learning-based approaches can be employed for this problem, but they are dependent on the availability of an expansive labeled dataset. In this work, we augment such supervised segmentation models to be suitable for learning from unlabeled data.

Vessel and tissue recognition during third-space endoscopy using a deep learning algorithm.

In this study, we aimed to develop an artificial intelligence clinical decision support solution to mitigate operator-dependent limitations during complex endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and peroral endoscopic myotomy, for example, bleeding and perforation. A DeepLabv3-based model was trained to delineate vessels, tissue structures and instruments on endoscopic still images from such procedures. The mean cross-validated Intersection over Union and Dice Score were 63% and 76%, respectively.

Convolutional Neural Networks for the evaluation of cancer in Barrett's esophagus: Explainable AI to lighten up the black-box.

Even though artificial intelligence and machine learning have demonstrated remarkable performances in medical image computing, their level of accountability and transparency must be provided in such evaluations. The reliability related to machine learning predictions must be explained and interpreted, especially if diagnosis support is addressed. For this task, the black-box nature of deep learning techniques must be lightened up to transfer its promising results into clinical practice.

Endoscopic prediction of submucosal invasion in Barrett's cancer with the use of artificial intelligence: a pilot study.

Background: The accurate differentiation between T1a and T1b Barrett's-related cancer has both therapeutic and prognostic implications but is challenging even for experienced physicians. We trained an artificial intelligence (AI) system on the basis of deep artificial neural networks (deep learning) to differentiate between T1a and T1b Barrett's cancer on white-light images.

Methods: Endoscopic images from three tertiary care centers in Germany were collected retrospectively.

Assisting Barrett's esophagus identification using endoscopic data augmentation based on Generative Adversarial Networks.

Barrett's esophagus figured a swift rise in the number of cases in the past years. Although traditional diagnosis methods offered a vital role in early-stage treatment, they are generally time- and resource-consuming. In this context, computer-aided approaches for automatic diagnosis emerged in the literature since early detection is intrinsically related to remission probabilities.

A technical review of artificial intelligence as applied to gastrointestinal endoscopy: clarifying the terminology.

 The growing number of publications on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine underlines the enormous importance and potential of this emerging field of research. In gastrointestinal endoscopy, AI has been applied to all segments of the gastrointestinal tract most importantly in the detection and characterization of colorectal polyps. However, AI research has been published also in the stomach and esophagus for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders.

A survey on Barrett's esophagus analysis using machine learning.

This work presents a systematic review concerning recent studies and technologies of machine learning for Barrett's esophagus (BE) diagnosis and treatment. The use of artificial intelligence is a brand new and promising way to evaluate such disease. We compile some works published at some well-established databases, such as Science Direct, IEEEXplore, PubMed, Plos One, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Springer, and Hindawi Publishing Corporation.

Automatic frontal sinus recognition in computed tomography images for person identification.

In many cases of person identification the use of biometric features obtained from the hard tissues of the human body, such as teeth and bones, may be the only option. This paper presents a new method of person identification based on frontal sinus features, extracted from computed tomography (CT) images of the skull. In this method, the frontal sinus is automatically segmented in the CT image using an algorithm developed in this work.

Cerebellopontine angle subependymoma without fourth ventricle extension: an uncommon tumor in a rare location.

Subependymomas are benign tumors that occur predominantly in the ventricular system. We describe a case of a 57-year-old man with a large cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor which expanded into the jugular foramen. Complete surgical excision of the tumor was achieved through a retrosigmoid approach and the histopathological diagnosis was subependymoma.

Structural basis for both pro- and anti-inflammatory response induced by mannose-specific legume lectin from Cymbosema roseum.

Legume lectins, despite high sequence homology, express diverse biological activities that vary in potency and efficacy. In studies reported here, the mannose-specific lectin from Cymbosema roseum (CRLI), which binds N-glycoproteins, shows both pro-inflammatory effects when administered by local injection and anti-inflammatory effects when by systemic injection. Protein sequencing was obtained by Tandem Mass Spectrometry and the crystal structure was solved by X-ray crystallography using a Synchrotron radiation source.

Purification, characterization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a lactose-specific lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds.

The unique carbohydrate-binding property of lectins makes them invaluable tools in biomedical research. Here, we report the purification, partial primary structure, carbohydrate affinity characterization, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a lactose-specific lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds (CRLII). Isolation and purification of CRLII was performed by a single step using a Sepharose-4B-lactose affinity chromatography column.

Purification, partial characterization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a mannose-specific lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds.

A lectin from Cymbosema roseum seeds (CRL) was purified, characterized and crystallized. The best crystals grew in a month and were obtained by the vapour-diffusion method using a precipitant solution consisting of 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.