Genotyping of human isolates from human toxoplasmosis outbreak: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Sanger Sequencing.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with Toxoplasma gondii, capable of infecting a wide range of hosts. The parasite exhibits a broad genetic diversity, necessitating genotypic characterization for genotype identification and associations with epidemiological information. Therefore, the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technique is used for characterization.

Fauna and seasonality of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from a leishmaniasis transmission area in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Sand flies, vectors capable of transmitting Leishmania spp. and causing leishmaniasis, have been a concern in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, where canine leishmaniasis (CanL) has been documented since 1985. Notably, there has been a surge in CanL cases since 2017, with two autochthonous cases of human visceral leishmaniasis reported in the area in 2021.

Leptospira borgptersenii and Leptospira interrogans identified in wild mammals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Leptospira spp. are bacteria responsible for leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with considerable impacts on the economy, animal health, and public health. This disease has a global distribution and is particularly prevalent in Brazil.

Detection of ectoparasites and investigation of infection by Rickettsia spp. and Trypanosoma spp. in bats from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

This study aimed to investigate the presence of ectoparasites and the occurrence of natural infection by Rickettsia spp. and Trypanosoma spp. in bats from Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil.

Pythium insidiosum: In vitro oomicidal evaluation of telithromycin and interactions with azithromycin and amorolfine hydrochloride.

This study evaluated the repositioning of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin (TLT) against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum and verified the combination of TLT and the antimicrobials azithromycin (AZM) and amorolfine hydrochloride (AMR), which have known anti-P. insidiosum activity. Susceptibility tests of P.

Sarcocystis in horses from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Molecular identification of Sarcocystis bertrami and Sarcocystis neurona in muscle tissues.

Horses are intermediate hosts of Sarcocystis spp. capable of forming cysts in their musculature. This study aimed to detect sarcocysts and investigate the presence of nucleic acids from Sarcocystis spp.

Five years of the biggest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis in Santa Maria, Brazil: a review.

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. In 2018, the first cases of people with clinical signs of acute febrile syndrome were reported, and in the same year, the largest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis ever described in the literature was reported. In this sense, the present work sought to describe the evolution of the outbreak cases in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, as well as the studies conducted and published during and after the outbreak in the municipality (the period between 2018 and 2023).

Increased frequency of detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats after outbreak of human toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis affects various organisms, including humans. In 2018, the largest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis described so far was reported in southern Brazil, with 809 human cases reported, and water as the potentially primary source of infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic cats before and after the human toxoplasmosis outbreak, as well as the potential for environmental contamination by the number of cats infected after the outbreak.

Detection of anti-Trypanosoma spp. antibodies in cattle from southern Brazil.

Bovine trypanosomosis, caused by Trypanosoma vivax, is a disease that originated in Africa and currently affects cattle in several South American countries, including almost all Brazilian states. Despite the reports on T. vivax infection in southern Brazil, data on its circulation status is currently unavailable.

Detection of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in poultry from central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Domestic birds such as Gallus gallus, Meleagris gallopavo, Anser anser and Numida meleagris are widely distributed throughout the world and maintain contact with humans and other animal species considered reservoirs of both Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL), including dogs and cats; wild canids, marsupials; and synanthropic animals such as rodents and chiroptera. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the presence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in birds from a rural area of the municipality of Santa Maria, southern Brazil.

Protothecosis in Veterinary Medicine: a minireview.

Protothecosis is an important infection caused by Prototheca spp., an alga that affect humans and animals. Prototheca spp.

Production performance and economic analysis of broiler chickens after vaccination with a live attenuated vaccine against avian coccidiosis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of live attenuated commercial vaccine LIVACOX® T against avian coccidiosis upon parasite exposure through its correlation with productive and economic performance, clinical observation, and oocyst excretion of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 420 1-day-old Cobb chicks were divided into five groups of 84 birds: (G1) unvaccinated and unchallenged control; (G2) vaccinated on day 0; (G3) challenged on day 1; (G4) vaccinated on day 0 and challenged on day 14; and (G5) challenged on day 14. For 28 days, the clinical signs of infection, weight and feed conversion of the birds, and excretion of oocysts in the feces were evaluated.

Identification of infection by Leishmania spp. in wild and domestic animals in Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis (2001-2021).

Leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by protozoan species of the genus Leishmania. It generates different clinical manifestations in humans and animals, and it infects multiple hosts. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by sandfly vectors.

Zinc and Manganese Imbalances in BALB/c Mice Experimentally Infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.

Purpose: The clinical progression of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infection depends on multiple factors, including immunological status of the host and their genotypic interaction. Several immunological processes depend directly on minerals for an efficient performance. Therefore, this study used an experimental model to investigate the alterations of trace metals in L.

Increased seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dogs in southern Brazil after an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect diverse hosts, including dogs. Although T. gondii infection in dogs is usually subclinical, they are susceptible to infection and develop a specific immune response to the parasite.

Influence of landscape structure on previous exposure to Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in free-living neotropical primates from southern Brazil.

The environments in which neotropical primates live have been undergoing an intense fragmentation process, constituting a major threat to the species' survival and causing resource scarcity, social isolation, and difficulty in dispersal, leaving populations increasingly vulnerable. Moreover, the proximity of wild environments to anthropized landscapes can change the dynamics of pathogens and the parasite-host-environment relationship, creating conditions that favor exposure to different pathogens. To investigate the previous exposure of free-living primates in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, to the bacterial agents Leptospira spp.

Oomicidal activity of polypyrrole nanoparticles against Pythium insidiosum.

This study evaluated in-vitro action of a new molecule, the polypyrrole nanoparticles (Ppy-NP), against Pythium insidiosum isolates using M38-A2/CLSI; the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal oomicidal (MOC) concentrations were also determined. Additionally, changes in the hyphae wall of P. insidiosum CBS 575.

Prototheca bovis in goats: Experimental mastitis and treatment with polypyrrole.

Prototheca bovis has been associated with several cases of mastitis in cattle but no record of intramammary infections has been reported in goats. This infection does not respond to available treatments and the disposal recommendation of affected animals cause great damage to the dairy industry. Alternatives for dealing with infections caused by Prototheca spp.

Characterization of novel of temperate phages of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk.

Bovine mastitis is an important disease in dairy cows, and Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent microorganism. Bacteriophages are considered an alternative to treat bacterial infections due to antimicrobial resistance crisis. In this study, we isolated and characterized novel S.

Leptospira interrogans in bats in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: epidemiologic aspects and phylogeny.

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by Leptospira spp. and affects animals and humans. Reports of leptospirosis in bats have increased and prompted epidemiological research in Brazil.

The Influence of Landscape Structure on the Occurrence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis spp. in Free-Living Neotropical Primates.

Purpose: Habitat fragmentation is the main threat to primate survival in the world. Additionally, changes in the environments in which they live can also contribute to exposure to pathogens. To investigate some pathogens that free-living primates may be exposed to in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS; southern Brazil) and characterize the forest remnants in which they live, we investigated anti-Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Sarcocystis spp.

Dynamics of Leishmania spp. infection in dogs from an unaffected region in transition to a visceral leishmaniasis transmission area, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been expanding and urbanizing, mainly in non-endemic areas such as the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Considering that infected dogs are the main reservoirs of VL in urban areas, the present study aimed to evaluate the propagation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) infection from an unaffected region in transition to a VL transmission area. For this, 1159 and 1087 samples of canine serum from 2015 and 2021, respectively, were analyzed, using the indirect immunofluorescence test.

First identification of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an area of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in central Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil.

Sand flies are hematophagous dipterans and are considered vectors of the parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania, which can infect mammals, including humans, and subsequently cause leishmaniasis. Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, was considered free of this disease for the last few decades. However, several autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been recorded in different municipalities in recent years.