In vitro gas production, in situ digestibility, intake, weight gain and ruminal characteristics of calves fed a diet containing 60% waste papaya silage.

Our aim was to evaluate a whole-grain diet containing 0 (T1) and 60% (T2) waste papaya silage in vitro, in situ and in vivo. In vitro, biogas, methane and dry matter degradation (DMDiv), neutral detergent fiber (NDFDiv) and crude protein (CPDiv) were determined at 72 h; in situ, DM (DMDis), NDF (NDFis) and CP (CPDis) digestibility was determined at 72 h; in vivo, consumption and apparent digestibility of DM (DMI and DMD) and NDF (NDFI and NDFD), daily weight gain (DWG), rumen characteristics (pH, bacterial and protozoan counts) were determined. In addition, we performed coproparasitoscopic analysis and interviews with producers.

ggroups: an R package for pedigree and genetic groups data.

Background: R is a multi-platform statistical software and an object oriented programming language. The package archive network for R provides CRAN repository that features over 15,000 free open source packages, at the time of writing this article (https://cran.r-project.

Genetic parameters for nitrogen fractions content in Mexican Brown Swiss cattle milk.

Nitrogen plays an important role in the metabolism of living organisms due to the variety of physiological functions that involve molecules that contain it. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for milk nitrogen fractions and the casein:protein ratio in Mexican Brown Swiss population. Milk samples from 317 cows were used to determine total (TN), non-protein (NPN), and non-casein (NCN) nitrogen.

Potential influence of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes in genetic association studies of milk quality traits.

Objective: From a review of published information on genetic association studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the genes κ-casein (CSN3) and β-lactoglobulin (LGB) on milk yield traits in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh.

Methods: The GLIMMIX procedure was used to analyze milk production and percentage of protein and fat in milk. Models included the main effects and all their possible two-way interactions; not estimable effects and non-significant (p>0.

Genotype by climate interaction in the genetic evaluation for growing traits of Braunvieh cattle in Mexico.

The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of genotype by climate interaction (GCI) in the national genetic evaluation for weaning (WW) and yearling (YW) weights of Mexican Braunvieh cattle. The numbers of performance records and animals in the pedigree were 12,364 and 25,173 for WW, and 7,991 and 18,072 for YW, respectively. Performance records were clustered based on climatological variables into: dry tropic (DT), wet tropic (WT), and temperate (TE) climates.