P4, a specific combination of dairy proteins (whey and casein) and plant-based protein isolates (pea and soy), has been shown to provide a more balanced amino acid (AA) profile than its single constituent proteins; however, less is known about how this translates to muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of P4 compared to whey or casein against fasted control on MPS. C57BL/6J mice, aged 25 months, were fasted overnight, followed by oral gavage of either whey, P4, casein, or water as a fasted control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkeletal muscle mitochondrial function is the biggest component of whole-body energy output. Mitochondrial energy production during exercise is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects. In cultured myotubes, loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function decreases mitochondrial respiration rate and ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Interindividual response variability to nutrition and exercise interventions is extensive in older adults. A group of nursing home (NH) residents participated in a combined intervention. The objective of this post-hoc analysis was to identify factors associated with intervention response measured by change in physical function and body composition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Frailty Aging
January 2021
Objectives: To study the prevalence and overlap between malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty in a selected group of nursing home (NH) residents.
Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.
Setting: Nursing homes (NH).
Objectives: It has been recognized that nutritional interventions play a role in improving the nutritional and functional status of older persons. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on nutritional and functional outcomes of nutritional interventions alone or in combination with physical exercise in geriatric rehabilitation patients.
Design: Eight electronic databases were searched until July 1, 2019 to identify nutritional intervention studies in patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to geriatric rehabilitation.
Objectives: Nursing home (NH) residents are often undernourished and physically inactive, which contributes to sarcopenia and frailty. The Older Person's Exercise and Nutrition Study aimed to investigate the effects of sit-to-stand exercises (STS) integrated into daily care, combined with a protein-rich oral nutritional supplement (ONS), on physical function, nutritional status, body composition, health-related quality of life, and resource use.
Design: Residents in 8 NHs were randomized by NH units into an intervention group (IG) or a control group (CG) (n = 60/group).
Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the prevalence of, and association between, physical frailty or sarcopenia and malnutrition in older hospitalized adults.
Design: A systematic literature search was performed in 10 databases.
Setting And Participants: Articles were selected that evaluated physical frailty or sarcopenia and malnutrition according to predefined criteria and cutoffs in older hospitalized patients.
Purpose: Since there is only limited evidence available for geriatric rehabilitation patients, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to characterize the nutritional status in this population and its relationship with functionality.
Methods: Eight databases were searched for full-text articles reporting baseline nutritional intake and status of adults ≥ 60 years in rehabilitation settings. Pooled estimates were calculated for prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition based on the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and for mean body mass index (BMI).
Aims: Safety and tolerability of prolonged supplementation with a vitamin D, calcium and leucine-enriched whey protein medical nutrition drink (WP-MND) was evaluated in sarcopenic older adults.
Methods: A 13-week double-blinded, randomized, isocaloric placebo-controlled trial (PROVIDE study; n = 380) was extended with a voluntary 13-week open-label extension (OLE). OLE participants were randomized to receive daily 1 or 2 servings of WP-MND (21 g protein, 3 g leucine, 10 µg vitD and 500 mg calcium per serving).
Background & Aims: Sepsis is hypothesized as an arginine deficient state, with lack of nitric oxide (NO) for adequate microcirculation and local perfusion. This study aimed to investigate if prolonged (72-h) intravenous l-arginine administration in sepsis patients improves microcirculation. Secondly, effects on arginine and protein metabolism, and organ function were studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP) is associated with sarcopenia in older adults. Protein and Vitamin (Vit)D have immune-modulatory potential, but evidence for effects of nutritional supplementation on CLIP is limited.
Aim: To investigate whether 13 weeks of nutritional supplementation of VitD and leucine-enriched whey protein affected CLIP in subjects enrolled in the PROVIDE-study, as a secondary analysis.
Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related decrease in muscle mass and function can result in adverse health outcomes and subsequent loss of independence. Inadequate nutrition is an important contributor to the aetiology of sarcopenia, and dietary strategies are studied to prevent or delay this geriatric syndrome.
Objective: The present study investigated whether there is an association between biochemical nutrient status markers, muscle parameters and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.
Objective: To assess the association between muscle parameters (mass, strength, physical performance) and activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QoL), and health care costs.
Design: Cross-sectional Maastricht Sarcopenia Study (MaSS).
Setting: Community-dwelling, assisted-living, residential living facility.
Aging Clin Exp Res
February 2019
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: In 2008, the NutriAction study showed that (risk of) malnutrition was highly prevalent (57%) among Belgian older people living in the community or in a nursing home. In 2013, this study was repeated to re-evaluate the occurrence of malnutrition, as well as mobility problems and dependence in activities of daily living (ADL).
Methods: Health care professionals (HCPs) associated with homecare organizations and nursing homes across Belgium were invited to screen their patients and complete an online questionnaire.
Background & Aims: It has been suggested that anabolic resistance, or a blunted protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, contributes to the failure of muscle mass maintenance in older adults. The amino acid leucine is one of the most prominent food-related anabolic stimuli. However, data on muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after administration of a single bolus of leucine in aged populations is lacking and long-term single leucine supplementation has not been shown to increase muscle mass.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), smaller muscle and atrophy are present at young age. Many people with CP also experience a decline in gross motor function as they age, which might be explained by the loss of muscle mass. The clinical observation of muscle wasting has prompted a comparison with sarcopenia in older adults, and the term accelerated musculoskeletal ageing is often used to describe the hallmark phenotype of CP through the lifespan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle
February 2018
Background: Inadequate intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties is common among older adults and has been associated with higher risk of frailty, adverse functional outcome, and impaired muscle health. However, a causal relationship is less well known. The aim was to determine in old mice the impact of reduced dietary intake of vitamins A/E/B6/B12/folate, selenium, and zinc on muscle mass, oxidative capacity, strength, and physical activity (PA) over time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA promising strategy to help older adults preserve or build muscle mass is to optimize muscle anabolism through providing an adequate amount of high-quality protein at each meal. This "proof of principle" study investigated the acute effect of supplementing breakfast with a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein medical nutrition drink on postprandial muscle protein synthesis and longer-term effect on muscle mass in healthy older adults. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted in 24 healthy older men [mean ± SD: age 71 ± 4 y; body mass index (in kg/m) 24.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe investigated the impact of vitamin D deficiency and repletion on muscle anabolism in old rats. Animals were fed a control (1 IU vitamin D/g, ctrl, n=20) or a vitamin D-depleted diet (VDD; 0 IU, n=30) for 6 months. A subset was thereafter sacrificed in the control (ctrl6) and depleted groups (VDD6).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAgeing is associated with sarcopenia, a progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, muscle quality and muscle function. Reduced sensitivity of older muscles to respond to anabolic stimuli, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Studying the muscle protein synthetic response to food intake in elderly is important, as it aids the development of interventions to combat sarcopenia. Although sarcopenic elderly are the target group for many of these nutritional interventions, no studies have assessed basal or post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates in this population.
Objective: To assess the basal and post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates between healthy and sarcopenic older men.
Antioxidant (AOX) deficiencies are commonly observed in older adults and oxidative stress has been suggested to contribute to sarcopenia. Here we investigate if 1) low levels of dietary antioxidants had a negative impact on parameters of muscle mass, function and quality, and 2) to study if nutritional interventions with AOX and/or leucine-enriched whey protein could improve these muscle parameters in aged mice. 18-months-old mice were fed a casein-based antioxidant-deficient (lowox) diet or a casein-based control-diet (CTRL) for 7 months.
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