Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Avulsion Injuries of the Pelvis and Hip in Adolescent Professional Footballers: A Case Series.

Introduction: Pelvic apophyseal avulsion fractures are uncommon injuries that frequently affect adolescents while participating in sports. This occurs because the enthesis cannot withstand the tractional force applied because the apophysis has not yet fully fused. Due to its complex muscular structure, being the origin of several muscles that cross two lower extremity joints, the pelvis has an increased risk for such injuries.

Early intervertebral disc degeneration changes in asymptomatic weightlifters assessed by t1ρ-magnetic resonance imaging.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Objective: To evaluate early intervertebral disc degeneration quantified by T1ρ- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in asymptomatic weightlifters compared with a healthy control group matched for sex and age.

Summary Of Background Data: Athletes consistently recruit or transfer high levels of repetitive forces through the spine, and MRI has documented a higher rate of intervertebral disc degeneration in athletes compared with matched controls.

T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging quantification of early lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in healthy young adults.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study using T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lumbar spine in healthy young adults.

Objective: To evaluate early intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) quantified by T1ρ- and T2-weighted MRI in asymptomatic young adults and to correlate T1ρ value with Pfirrmann degenerative grade, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Summary Of Background Data: Intervertebral disc starts early to degenerate losing proteoglycan content in the nucleus pulposus (NP).

Deep vein thrombosis, inferior vena cava interruption and multiple thrombophilic gene mutations.

Interruption or hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava, with associated azygos continuation, is an uncommon congenital vascular malformation (Ellis et al, Comput Radiol 1986;10:15-22). Although this anomaly causes venous stasis, few patients present with history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The exact role of coexisting thrombophilic gene mutations, also heterozygotic, is far from being completely understood.