Ten different viral agents infecting and co-infecting children with acute gastroenteritis in Southern Italy: Role of known pathogens and emerging viruses during and after COVID-19 pandemic.

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) represents a world public health relevant problem especially in children. Enteric viruses are the pathogens mainly involved in the episodes of AGE, causing about 70.00% of the cases.

The diagnostic and therapeutic challenge of atrial flutter in children: a case report.

Background: Palpitations represent a common cause for consultation in the pediatric Emergency Department (ED). Unlike adults, palpitations in children are less frequently dependent from the heart, recognizing other causes.

Case Presentation: A 11-year-old male came to our pediatric ED for epigastric pain, vomiting and palpitations.

Phase III Randomized Non-Inferiority Study of OSS Versus PEG + Electrolyte Colonoscopy Preparation in Adolescents.

Objectives: Many protocols and preparations are used for bowel cleansing before pediatric colonoscopy but few are based on scientific evidence. We evaluated efficacy, safety, tolerability, and patient preference of oral sulfate solution (OSS) at 75% of the adult dose versus polyethylene glycol (PEG)-electrolyte solution in adolescents presenting for diagnostic colonoscopy.

Methods: Phase III, randomized, evaluator-blinded, non-inferiority study of OSS and PEG in adolescents aged 12-17 years.

Distinctive Phenotype of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with SARS-CoV-2 According to Patients' Age: A Monocentric Experience.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a disease temporally related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is characterized by fever, conjunctival injections, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cardiovascular complications. We evaluated the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging features, therapeutic interventions, and hospital course of a monocentric cohort, and we analyzed these findings according to two age groups. Methods: Patients with MIS-C admitted to a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital from November 2020 to November 2021 were considered for the enrollment.

Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: A Challenging Diagnosis.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an ultrarare genetic condition characterized by extraskeletal bone formation. Most of the musculoskeletal characteristics of FOP are related to dysregulated chondrogenesis, with heterotopic ossification being the most typical feature. Activating mutations of activin receptor A type I (ACVR1), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, are responsible for the skeletal and nonskeletal features.

Caustic Ingestion in Children: 1 Year Experience in 3 Italian Referral Centers.

Objectives: Despite the efforts to reduce the exposure to corrosive household products, caustic ingestion in children is currently a significant medical problem. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the clinical consequences of caustic ingestion and to identify prognostic factors that could concur in driving both diagnostic and therapeutic management.

Methods: All consecutive children referred for ingestion of a caustic substance from June 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled.

The pediatric gastrointestinal tract: ultrasound findings in acute diseases.

The study of the gastrointestinal tract by imaging, particularly using ultrasound, is a required instrument for diagnosis of acute and chronic gastrointestinal pathologies in pediatric age. Actually, ultrasound plays an increasing role in the evaluation of gastrointestinal tract in neonatal and pediatric patients because of their small body habitus and the presence of less fat tissue in the abdominal wall and peritoneal cavity. Ultrasound has certain advantages, thanks to the new wide-spectrum frequency probes able to assess a detailed study of the morphological aspects and functional characteristics of bowel loops, adding a new dimension to the imaging of this body system.

Successful treatment of hemorrhagic bullous Henoch-Schonlein purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood. There is no consensus about the management for isolated cutaneous manifestations in HSP. We describe a case of HSP presenting with severe skin lesions that did not respond to standard therapy with corticosteroids.

Enteroscopy in children.

Introduction: Device-assisted enteroscopy is a new endoscopic technique for the evaluation of small bowel in adults and children. Data in pediatric population are limited. This review aims to identify diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of enteroscopy in children.

Allergic Proctocolitis Is a Risk Factor for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that allergic proctocolitis, a cause of self-limiting rectal bleeding in infants, can predispose to the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) later in childhood.

Study Design: We studied a cohort of 80 consecutive patients diagnosed with allergic proctocolitis. Their sibling or matched children presenting to the same hospital for minor trauma served as controls.

Extensive molecular analysis suggested the strong genetic heterogeneity of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis.

: Genetic features of Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) have been extensively investigated mainly testing genes associated to the trypsinogen activation pathway. However, different molecular pathways involving other genes may be implicated in CP pathogenesis. 80 patients with Idiopathic CP were investigated using Next Generation Sequencing approach with a panel of 70 genes related to six different pancreatic pathways: premature activation of trypsinogen; modifier genes of Cystic Fibrosis phenotype; pancreatic secretion and ion homeostasis; Calcium signalling and zymogen granules exocytosis; autophagy; autoimmune pancreatitis related genes.