In Vitro Evaluation of the Effectiveness and pH Variation of Dental Bleaching Gels and Their Effect on Enamel Surface Roughness.

: Potential adverse effects and pH-related effectiveness of bleaching agents have raised some concerns. The aim of this study was to compare three bleaching agents containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) and carbamide peroxide (CP) in terms of whitening effectiveness, pH variation, and changes in enamel surface roughness. : After controlled staining with a black tea solution, 42 human enamel specimens underwent bleaching treatment using the following agents: HP 40%; HP 35%; CP 16%.

Quantitative Assessment of Apically Extruded Debris During Retreatment Procedures Using Three Nickel-Titanium Rotary Systems: An In Vitro Comparative Study.

: Apical extrusion of debris can affect the success of endodontic treatments, and the specific performance of certain retreatment systems has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to quantitatively assess the amount of apically extruded debris produced during retreatment procedures using three rotary NiTi retreatment systems in mature non-resorbed straight roots. : Thirty extracted permanent human teeth with single straight roots were selected.

Wear and roughness analysis of two highly filled flowable composites.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate surface roughness and wear of highly filled flowables and traditional packable composites. Additionally, the effect of polymerization time on these parameters was evaluated. Two flowable higly filled composites (CMf-Clearfil Majesty ES flow-low viscosity, Kuraray and GUf-Gaenial Universal Injectable, GC) and two packable composites (CM-Clearfil Majesty ES-2, Kuraray and GU-Gaenial A'CHORD, GC) were used to create 160 specimens (n = 40;8 × 6 × 4mm).

Color Stability Assessment of Single- and Multi-Shade Composites Following Immersion in Staining Food Substances.

Composite resins are the material of choice for direct restorations, and their success depends mainly on their color stability, since discoloration causes color mismatch, and consequent patient dissatisfaction. A single- and a multi-shade resin were compared in order to evaluate their pigmentation after immersion in staining substances and to investigate the effect of the polymerization time on their color stability. Two-hundred-and-forty composite specimens were created, half made of a single-shade (Group ONE, n = 120) and half of a multi-shade composite (Group OXP, n = 120).

Ozone therapy in dentistry: An overview of the biological mechanisms involved (Review).

At low medically-relevant concentrations, ozone serves as an oxidant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and the ability to promote healing and reduce inflammation. Despite providing therapeutic benefits in a range of diseases, certain adverse effects and contraindications of ozone treatment must be considered. These are primarily related to toxicity from inhalation and systemic types of administration and can be avoided by following relevant guidelines and recommendations.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells Modulate Inflammasome Pathway and Collagen Deposition of Dermal Fibroblasts.

Fibrosis is a pathological condition consisting of a delayed deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. This deregulation is mostly triggered by a chronic stimulus mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1, which activate fibroblasts. Due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potential, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could affect fibrotic processes.

Color match of single-shade restorations after professional dental bleaching: An study.

Background: Restorative dentistry aims to reproduce natural tooth shades through resin composites that must be layered to obtain colors, opacities, and translucencies, and therefore, clinical success is operator skill dependent.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the color shift of single-shade composite restorations before and after dental bleaching.

Materials And Methods: Eighty human extracted posterior teeth were restored with four single-shade composites (Omnichroma OM; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal CL; Essentia Universal ES; Venus Diamond One VE) ( = 20 each).

Ozone Treatment for the Management of Caries in Primary Dentition: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies.

Dental caries in children is a frequent and debilitating condition, whose management is often challenging. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effectiveness of ozone applications for the treatment of caries in primary dentition. According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed up to 6 January 2024.

Comparisons of ammonia- and water-based silver-containing solutions on dentin bonding and enzymatic activity: 1-yr evaluation.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an ammonia-based and a water-based silver-containing solutions on bonding performance and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity of a universal adhesive to dentin after 1 year of artificial aging.

Methods: Mid-coronal dentin surfaces of 60 sound human molars were exposed and the following groups were formed according to the surface pre-treatment and etching mode of the universal adhesive (Zipbond Universal, SDI) (n = 10): G1) Zipbond in the self-etch mode (ZSE); G2) Riva Star (SDI) applied before ZSE; G3) Riva Star Aqua (SDI) applied before ZSE; G4) Zipbond in the etch-and-rinse mode (ZER); G5) Riva Star applied before ZER; G6) Riva Star Aqua applied before ZER. The specimens were sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test at baseline (T) and after 12 months (T) of artificial storage.

Changes in Oral Health and Dental Esthetic in Smokers Switching to Combustion-Free Nicotine Alternatives: Protocol for a Multicenter and Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Although the detrimental effects of conventional combustible cigarettes on oral health and dental esthetics are well known, there is limited information about the long-term impact of combustion-free nicotine alternatives (C-F NA) such as e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products.

Objective: This multicenter, prospective, 3-parallel-arm randomized controlled trial will investigate whether switching from combustible cigarettes to C-F NA will lead to measurable improvements in oral health parameters and dental esthetics over 18 months in adult smokers with limited gum disease.

Methods: Regular smokers not intending to quit and without clinical signs of periodontitis will be randomly assigned (1:4 ratio) to either standard of care with brief cessation advice (control group; arm A) or C-F NA use (intervention group; arm B).

The Role of Pecking Motion Depths in Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance: In Vitro Study.

Objective: This is the first study evaluating the impact of different pecking motion depths on dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of different endodontic instruments.

Methods: Four nickel-titanium systems (Hyflex EDM OneFile 25/. ∼; Rotate 25/0.

Impact of pecking amplitude on cyclic fatigue of new nickel-titanium files.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the cyclic fatigue resistance of Mtwo Minimal in static and dynamic tests, with different amplitudes of pecking movements, at intracanal temperature.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred new 25-mm Mtwo Minimal rotary files (#10/0.035, #17.

Does fluoride exposure affect thyroid function? A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Introduction: Fluoride exposure may have various adverse health effects, including affecting thyroid function and disease risk, but the pattern of such relation is still uncertain.

Methods: We systematically searched human studies assessing the relation between fluoride exposure and thyroid function and disease. We compared the highest versus the lowest fluoride category across these studies, and we performed a one-stage dose-response meta-analysis for aggregated data to explore the shape of the association.

Fluoride Exposure and Skeletal Fluorosis: a Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis.

Purpose Of Review: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation between fluoride exposure and skeletal fluorosis (SF) using a novel statistical methodology for dose-response modeling.

Recent Findings: Skeletal fluorosis, a major health issue that is endemic in some regions, affects millions of people worldwide. However, data regarding the dose-response relation between fluoride exposure and SF are limited and outdated.

Effect of bleaching on the color match of single-shade resin composites.

Purpose: To evaluate the color match of single-shade resin composites before and after bleaching procedures, through instrumental and visual analyses.

Methods: Class V cavities were created on the buccal surfaces of 80 extracted human molars, restored with 4 single-shade composites (Omnichroma; Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal; Essentia Universal; Venus Diamond One). A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V) was used to evaluate the tooth/resin color match before (T), and 24 h (T) and one week (T) after dental bleaching (Opalescence Boost PF 40%).

Glutaraldehyde-based desensitizers' influence on bonding performances and dentin enzymatic activity of universal adhesives.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of two glutaraldehyde-based desensitizers (L: GLUMA Desensitizer, Heraeus Kulzer and G: GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel) prior to the adhesive procedures on microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to dentin and endogenous enzymatic activity.

Methods: Noncarious human third molars (N = 48) were cut to expose middle coronal dentin. Six experimental groups were formed according to the dentin pre-treatment (L or G) and the universal adhesives (IBU - iBond universal, Kulzer or AU - Adhese Universal, Ivoclar Vivadent) used in the self-etch mode (n = 8): 1) L/IBU; 2) G/IBU; 3) IBU; 4) L/AU; 5) G/AU; 6) AU.

Detection of bacteria in dental samples using the Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) histological stain.

The bacterial cell wall mainly consists of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, which could be detected in dental tissue with specific stain protocols. The present study aimed to investigate bacteria stainability in dental histological samples of human teeth by a histochemical method. Eight extracted teeth, because severely decayed, were decalcified, dehydrated, paraffin-embedded, and serially sectioned at 4 µm thickness each.

Push-out bond strength and SEM fractographical analysis of hollow fibre posts used with self-adhesive resin cement: a pilot study.

Detachment is the major cause of failure of endodontic fibre posts. Hollow posts have been recently introduced to overcome such issue. The primary aim of this pilot study was to compare the push-out bond strength of hollow posts and traditional solid posts.

Fluoride Exposure and ADHD: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.

: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by two dimensions: inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. ADHD may be the result of complex interactions between genetic, biological and environmental factors possibly including fluoride exposure. : A literature search was performed on 31 March 2023 in the following databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science.

Shaping ability of Procodile and R6 Reziflow nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments in curved mesial root canals of mandibular molars: A MicroCT study.

To compare the shaping ability of Procodile and R6 Reziflow instruments used in reciprocating motion in severely curved root canals, assessed with micro-computed tomography (μCT). Fourteen extracted human mandibular first molars were randomly assigned to two instrumentation techniques (n = 14 mesial root canals): Procodile or R6 Reziflow. For both groups, root canals were prepared to the working length up to a size 25, .

Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome.

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a multi-system autoimmune disease that involves the exocrine glands. Lymphocytes infiltrate the gland tissue, leading to anatomical modification and hypofunction. Even if the prognosis of pSS is favorable, quality of life is typically reduced due to the diverse manifestations of the disease.

Fluoride exposure and cognitive neurodevelopment: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Many uncertainties still surround the possible harmful effect of fluoride exposure on cognitive neurodevelopment in children. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to characterize this relation through a dose-response approach, by comparing the intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in the highest versus the lowest fluoride exposure category with a random-effects model, within a one-stage dose-response meta-analysis based on a cubic spline random-effects model. Out of 1996 potentially relevant literature records, 33 studies were eligible for this review, 30 of which were also suitable for meta-analysis.

Application of Tribology Concept in Dental Composites Field: A Scoping Review.

Tribology is the discipline concerning the application of friction, lubrication, and wear concepts of interacting surfaces in relative motion. A growing interest has developed in tribology application in medical biomaterials, such as resin composites used in restorative dentistry. Yet, the keywords "tribology" and "biotribology" are little applied in the pertinent publications.