A true isolated cognitive relapse in multiple sclerosis.

Isolated cognitive relapses (ICRs) have been a matter of debate for the past few years. Currently, there is no clear consensus on such an entity, as cognitive decline usually accompanies typical multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses. Herein, we present the neuropsychological and neurophysiological manifestations of a patient who suddenly complained of confusion and memory loss, showing insight into her deficit, in absence of sensorimotor disturbances.

Grey matter volume alterations in CADASIL: a voxel-based morphometry study.

CADASIL is a hereditary disease characterized by cerebral subcortical microangiopathy leading to early onset cerebral strokes and progressive severe cognitive impairment. Until now, only few studies have investigated the extent and localization of grey matter (GM) involvement. The purpose of our study was to evaluate GM volume alterations in CADASIL patients compared to healthy subjects.

Pre- and intraoperative tractographic evaluation of corticospinal tract shift.

Background: Magnetic resonance with diffusion tensor image (DTI) may be able to estimate trajectories compatible with subcortical tracts close to brain lesions. A limit of DTI is brain shifting (movement of the brain after dural opening and tumor resection).

Objective: To calculate the brain shift of trajectories compatible with the corticospinal tract (CST) in patients undergoing glioma resection and predict the shift directions of CST.

Identification of the pyramidal tract by neuronavigation based on intraoperative magnetic resonance tractography: correlation with subcortical stimulation.

Objective: To demonstrate the accuracy of magnetic resonance tractograpghy (MRT) in localizing the cortical spinal tract (CST) close to brain tumours by using intraoperative electric subcortical stimulation.

Methods: Nine patients with intra-axial brain tumours underwent neurosurgery. Planning was based on analysis of the course of streamlines compatible with the CST.