The arrhinias: Proboscis lateralis literature review and surgical update.

Proboscis lateralis (PL) is a rare malformation, reported for the first time in 1861 by Forster in his monograph on congenital malformations of the human body. The abnormal side of the nose is represented by a tube-like rudimentary nasal structure, attached at any point along the embryonic fusion line between the anterior maxilla and the frontonasal processes. As clefts of the lip (and alveolus) are bilateral or unilateral, an arrhinia can be bilateral (total) or unilateral.

Craniomaxillofacial Fibrous Dysplasia: Conservative Treatment and Maxillary Osteotomy Using the Schuchardt-Kufner Technique.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a disturbance of the mesenchymal tissue that accounts for 2.5% of all bone tumors and more than 7% of nonmalignant bone tumors. In the craniomaxillofacial region, FD affects the calvaria, skull base, zygoma, and jaws, the prevalent site being the maxilla (50% of cases).

Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis After Early Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis: A New Syndrome?

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) has been one of the most innovative concepts in cranio-maxillofacial syndromology and surgery over the last 25 years.Early mandibular distraction in severe micrognathia has recently been recognized as an effective treatment option to safely relieve upper airway obstruction associated with mandibular deficiency.An increased incidence in temporomandibular joint complications during DO in neonates has recently been reported, especially in syndromic patients.

Combined Endoscopic and Trans Palpebral Orbital Reconstruction for Silent Sinus Syndrome.

Silent Sinus Syndrome is defined as a painless spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus with maxillary sinus hypoplasia and orbital floor resorption. It is caused by maxillary sinus atelectasis in a setting of ipsilateral chronic maxillary sinus hypoventilation. The syndrome was first described in 1964 by Montgomery, but the term "Silent Sinus Syndrome" was not coined until 1994 by Soparkar.

Piezosurgery: A new and safe technique for distraction osteogenesis in Pierre Robin sequence review of the literature and case report.

Introduction: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is characterized by microgenia and retrognathia. Cleft palate and glossoptosis are frequently associated with airway obstruction and difficulty in swallowing. Distraction osteogenesis with micro-distractors has recently been considered as a surgical option during the neonatal age.

Management of temporomandibular joint reankylosis in syndromic patients corrected with joint prostheses: surgical and rehabilitation protocols.

Temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA) is a severe disorder described as an intracapsular union of the disc-condyle complex to the temporal articular surface with bony fusion. The management of this disability is challenging and rarely based on surgical and rehabilitation protocols. We describe the treatment in two young adults affected by Goldenhar syndrome and Pierre Robin sequence with reankylosis after previous surgical treatments.

Three-dimensional volumetric restoration by structural fat grafting.

The use of adipose tissue transfer for correction of maxillofacial defects was reported for the first time at the end of the 19th century. Structural fat grafting (SFG) was introduced as a way to improve facial esthetics and in recent years has evolved into applications in craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery. Several techniques have been proposed for harvesting and grafting the fat.

Cranial bone grafts in forehead reconstruction after resection for benign tumors.

Cranial bone graft was first used in forehead reconstruction by Muller and König as early as 1890. Because cranial bone graft is the ideal material for almost all facial and skull repairs, surgeons have subsequently used this technique to repair skull defects. In fact, membranous bone (calvaria) is superior to endochondral bone (ilium, rib) and maintains its volume to a significantly greater extent than endochondral bone.

Craniofacial surgical strategies for the correction of pneumosinus dilatans frontalis.

Introduction: Pneumosinus dilatans is a rare condition and different techniques have been proposed for its management and correction. The abnormally expanded, aerated frontal sinus has been described in the literature as: frontal sinus hypertrophy, pneumosinus dilatans, pneumosinus frontalis, aerocele, pneumocele, sinus ectasia, hyperpneumatization and others. The precise aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition is unknown, although several basic hypotheses have been proposed

Material And Methods: The authors report two cases of frontal bossing and supraorbital ridge deformity correction using craniofacial surgical principles.

Frontal linear scleroderma: long-term result in volumetric restoration of the fronto-orbital area by structural fat grafting.

Frontal linear scleroderma (also known as "en coup de sabre") is a congenital deformity characterized by a linear band of atrophy and a furrow in the skin that occurs in the frontal or frontoparietal area. The authors present a case of a 34-year-old woman with history of en coup de sabre. In different steps, volumetric restoration of the fronto-orbital region has been obtained by structural fat grafting technique.

Contouring of the forehead irregularities (washboard effect) with bone biomaterial.

Calvarial vault defects may be repaired with autologous bone or alloplastic materials, such as methyl methacrylate, hydroxyapatite, titanium, or porous polyethylene. The criterion standard for repairing small cranial defects is autogenous bone from iliac crest or split calvarial grafts. However, autogenous grafts may result in donor-site morbidity, increased operative time, reabsorption, blood loss, and additional time for recovery.

Surgical decompression in endocrine orbitopathy. Visual evoked potential evaluation and effect on the optic nerve.

Endocrine orbitopathy (EO) represents the most frequent and important extrathyroidal stigma of Graves disease. This chronic autoimmune condition involves the orbital contents, including extraocular muscles, periorbital connective-fatty tissue and lacrimal gland. The increase of fat tissue and the enlargement of extraocular muscles within the bony confines of the orbit leads to proptosis, and in the most severe cases optic neuropathy, caused by compression and stretching of the optic nerve.

Endocrine orbitopathy: 11 years retrospective study and review of 102 patients & 196 orbits.

Background: Endocrine Orbitopathy (EO) is the most frequent and important extrathyroidal stigma of Graves' disease. In the active stage of the orbitopathy fibrosis and hypertrophy of the extra-ocular muscles can lead to visual impairment and diplopia. In the stable phase of the disease surgical treatment by orbital expansion and/or orbital decompression can improve the quality of life and it is indicated for morpho-aesthetic and functional reasons.

Patholologic fracture of the mandible after removal of follicular cyst.

Objective: The objective of the study was to report a 61-year-old man who presented a complication after mandibular follicular cyst removal.

Methods: The patient underwent surgery, via intraoral approach: removal of the lesion and the dental follicle with curettage and extraction of the mandibular right third molar. Two weeks after surgery, the patient reported a slight malocclusion.

Structural fat grafting: facial volumetric restoration in complex reconstructive surgery.

Background: The authors overview the application of structural fat grafting (SFG) in the management of volumetric deficit in the maxillofacial area. Structural fat grafting was introduced as a way to improve facial aesthetics and in recent years has evolved into applications in craniomaxillofacial reconstructive surgery.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study population was composed of patients grafted with autologous fat referred to our department from February 2005 to July 2009.

Endocrine orbitopathy (Graves disease): transpalpebral fat decompression in combination with 3-wall bony expansion.

Endocrine orbitopathy (EO) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disorder caused by lymphocyte infiltration, edema, and proliferation of endo-orbital connective tissue. These conditions involve the extraocular muscles, intraconal and extraconal fat, and, to a lesser extent, the lacrimal gland.Endocrine orbitopathy may be associated with toxic diffuse goiter and/or pretibial myxedema (Graves disease) and may appear without alterations in thyroid function (euthyroidism).

Parry-Romberg syndrome: volumetric regeneration by structural fat grafting technique.

The use of adipose tissue transfer for correction of maxillo-facial defects was reported for the first time at the end of the 19th century and has since been the subject of numerous studies. Structural Fat Grafting (SFG) differs from other fat grafting techniques in both the harvesting and placement of the fat. The main indications for SFG are for the restoration and rejuvenation of the face.