Deficits in naming pictures of objects are associated with glioma infiltration of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus: A study with diffusion MRI tractography, volumetric MRI, and neuropsychology.

It has been suggested that the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) may play an important role in several aspects of language processing such as visual object recognition, visual memory, lexical retrieval, reading, and specifically, in naming visual stimuli. In particular, the ILF appears to convey visual information from the occipital lobe to the anterior temporal lobe (ATL). However, direct evidence proving the essential role of the ILF in language and semantics remains limited and controversial.

A Comparison of Two Statistical Mapping Tools for Automated Brain FDG-PET Analysis in Predicting Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Automated voxel-based analysis methods are used to detect cortical hypometabolism typical of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) on FDG-PET brain scans. We compared the accuracy of two clinically validated tools for their ability to identify those MCI subjects progressing to AD at followup, to evaluate the impact of the analysis method on FDG-PET diagnostic performance.

Methods: SPMGrid and BRASS (Hermes Medical Solutions, Stockholm, Sweden) were tested on 131 MCI and elderly healthy controls from the EADC PET dataset.

In vivo 2-hydroxyglutarate-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (3 T, PRESS technique) in treatment-naïve suspect lower-grade gliomas: feasibility and accuracy in a clinical setting.

Unlabelled: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations are often detected in lower-grade gliomas (LGG) and result into 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) synthesis. Prior studies showed that 2HG can be detected in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), but its accuracy and translational impact are still under investigation.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical feasibility of MRS for in vivo detection and quantification of 2HG on consecutive treatment-naïve suspect LGG patients and to compare MRS accuracy with tissue IDH1/2 analysis.

Tracking the Re-organization of Motor Functions After Disconnective Surgery: A Longitudinal fMRI and DTI Study.

Mechanisms of motor plasticity are critical to maintain motor functions after cerebral damage. This study explores the mechanisms of motor reorganization occurring before and after surgery in four patients with drug-refractory epilepsy candidate to disconnective surgery. We studied four patients with early damage, who underwent tailored hemispheric surgery in adulthood, removing the cortical motor areas and disconnecting the corticospinal tract (CST) from the affected hemisphere.

In-vivo brain H1-MR-Spectroscopy identification and quantification of 2-hydroxyglutarate in L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

Unlabelled: L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) is an extremely rare hereditary neurometabolic disease, characterized by increased L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) levels in the brain and biological fluids. 24-h urine 2HG level remains the biochemical hallmark for the diagnosis of L2HGA, whereas it is unknown the feasibility to measure in vivo the intracerebral levels of 2HG by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

Patients And Methods: We used at 3T H(1)-MRS Single-Voxel (SV) PRESS sequences tailored to detect 2HG, in three adult patients with the diagnosis of L2HGA and in healthy controls.

(123) I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane single photon emission computed tomography and (123) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy in differentiating dementia with lewy bodies from other dementias: A comparative study.

Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of striatal (123) I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane ((123) I-FP-CIT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and (123) I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123) I-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy in differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from other dementia types.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 30 patients with a clinical diagnosis of DLB and 29 patients with non-DLB dementia (Alzheimer disease, n = 16; behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, n = 13). All patients underwent (123) I-FP-CIT SPECT and (123) I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy within a few weeks of clinical diagnosis.

Do Beliefs about the Pathogenetic Role of Amyloid Affect the Interpretation of Amyloid PET in the Clinic.

Background: Beliefs of dementia experts about the pathogenic role of amyloid in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may affect the use of amyloid positron emission tomography (PET).

Objective: To assess the role attributed to amyloid in AD pathogenesis by Italian dementia experts, and whether this modulates the impact of amyloid PET results in their diagnostic workup.

Methods: 22 dementia experts rated their beliefs about the pathogenic role of amyloid.

Longitudinal reproducibility of automatically segmented hippocampal subfields: A multisite European 3T study on healthy elderly.

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of automatically segmented subfields of the human hippocampal formation derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, little is known about the test-retest reproducibility of such measures, particularly in the context of multisite studies. Here, we report the reproducibility of automated Freesurfer hippocampal subfields segmentations in 65 healthy elderly enrolled in a consortium of 13 3T MRI sites (five subjects per site).

Training labels for hippocampal segmentation based on the EADC-ADNI harmonized hippocampal protocol.

Background: The European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Harmonized Protocol (HarP) is a Delphi definition of manual hippocampal segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can be used as the standard of truth to train new tracers, and to validate automated segmentation algorithms. Training requires large and representative data sets of segmented hippocampi. This work aims to produce a set of HarP labels for the proper training and certification of tracers and algorithms.