Electrically Switching Ferroelectric Order in 3R-MoS Layers.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with rhombohedral (3R) stacking order are excellent platforms to realize multiferroelectricity. In this work, we demonstrate the electrical switching of ferroelectric orders in bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer 3R-MoS dual-gate devices by examining their reflection and photoluminescence (PL) responses under sweeping out-of-plane electric fields. We observe sharp shifts in excitonic spectra at different critical fields with pronounced hysteresis.

Quantification of racial and ethnic disparities in alcohol-related problems in light of different methodological approaches.

Aim: We applied the Institute of Medicine (IOM) definition of racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare to estimate disparities in alcohol-related problems. This estimation involved adjusting for drinking patterns, gender and age, with observed disparities further explained by socioeconomic status (SES). We compared results of five statistical approaches which use different methods for adjusting covariates.

An Improved GC-MS/MS Method for a Fast Multidrug Analysis in Hair.

This study presents the development and validation of a drug testing method in hair, employing a semi-automated sample preparation procedure and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for simultaneous multidrug analysis in hair. The method aims to detect and quantify multiple drugs in hair, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ketamine, norketamine, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, morphine, codeine and 6-monoacetylmorphine, using a comprehensive procedure involving decontamination, pulverization, clean-up using supported-liquid extraction (SLE) and a two-step derivatization process. The method validation included specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, carryover, robustness and stability.

Long-term quality of life and surgical outcome of female congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients.

Aim: To investigate the long-term quality of life and surgical outcome of female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).

Methods: Questionnaires for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcome (WHO-5, SF-36), lower urinary tract symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) and sexual outcome (ICIQ-FLUTSsex) were administered to adult CAH patients. Paediatric CAH patients and their parents were invited to complete WHO-5, PedsQL-4.

Enhancing Resonant Second-Harmonic Generation in Bilayer WSe by Layer-Dependent Exciton-Polaron Effect.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials serve as exceptional platforms for controlled second-harmonic generation (SHG). Current approaches to SHG control often depend on nonresonant conditions or symmetry breaking via single-gate control. Here, we employ dual-gate bilayer WSe to demonstrate an SHG enhancement concept that leverages strong exciton resonance and a layer-dependent exciton-polaron effect.

Is Childhood Adversity Before Age 5 Associated with Adolescent and Young Adult Substance Use? Findings from a U.S. Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Growing research suggests that adversity experienced early in life can affect young children's development, with implications for health-related outcomes years later. This study explored long-term associations between early life adversity before age 5 (ELA) and later substance use outcomes, and racial and ethnic differences in associations.

Method: Data are from children born 1984-2000 to female participants in the U.

Patterns of Alcohol, Cannabis, and E-Cigarette Use/Co-Use and Mental Health Among U.S. College Students.

Substance use and mental health are highly correlated, though few studies assess the risk for depression and anxiety associated with dual and polysubstance use among college students. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between alcohol, cannabis, and e-cigarette exclusive, dual, and polysubstance use and depression and anxiety among U.S.

Reliability and Convergent Validity of Endurance Indices Derived from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Electromyography during a Bilateral Hanging Task in Amateur Rock Climbers.

The ability to hang for a long time before forearm muscle fatigue is a crucial element of successful rock climbing. Electromyography (EMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are also useful for measuring hemoglobin oxygenation for determining muscle endurance. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of muscle endurance indices derived using EMG and NIRS during a hanging task.

Diagnostic accuracy of a prehospital electrocardiogram rule-based algorithm for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results from a population-wide project.

Introduction: This study reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of the prehospital electrocardiogram (PHECG) rule-based algorithm for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) universally utilised in Hong Kong.

Methods: This prospective observational study was linked to a population-wide project. We analysed 2210 PHECGs performed on patients who presented to the emergency medical service (EMS) with chest pain from 1 October to 31 December 2021.

Drinking contexts, coping motive, simultaneous cannabis use, and high-intensity drinking among adults in the United States.

Aims: High-intensity drinking (HID), extreme drinking considerably above the level of heavy episodic drinking (HED), is associated with long-term health and social consequences. There is limited understanding of HID beyond young adulthood. This study aims to identify concurrent risk factors for HID, comparing age differences among all adults.

Drinking patterns among US men and women: Racial and ethnic differences from adolescence to early midlife.

Background: Drinking patterns among young adult men and women in the United States have been understudied, especially among racial and ethnic groups such as Asian Americans and Hispanics. Because alcohol-related racial and ethnic health disparities persist or increase in midlife, identifying peak ages of hazardous drinking could help to reduce disparities.

Methods: We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine: (1) past 12-month heavy episodic drinking (HED) and total alcohol volume consumption among non-Hispanic White (NHW), Black, Hispanic, and Asian men and women from ages 12 through 41, and (2) age-varying associations of race and ethnicity with drinking.

Electric-field tunable Type-I to Type-II band alignment transition in MoSe/WS heterobilayers.

Semiconductor heterojunctions are ubiquitous components of modern electronics. Their properties depend crucially on the band alignment at the interface, which may exhibit straddling gap (type-I), staggered gap (type-II) or broken gap (type-III). The distinct characteristics and applications associated with each alignment make it highly desirable to switch between them within a single material.

Long-term trends in beverage-specific drinking in the National Alcohol Surveys: Differences by sex, age, and race and ethnicity.

Background: Despite substantial declines in underage drinking and binge drinking, alcohol consumption has increased in the past 30 years. This study examined how beverage-specific drinking patterns varied by sex, age, and race and ethnicity from 1979 to 2020.

Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted on pooled data from the National Alcohol Survey series from 1979 to 2020 of a sample of U.

Navigating Threats of Wildfires and Individual Rights to Adopt 100% Tobacco-Free Policy in Rural California Community Colleges.

Background: In California, all four-year public colleges have adopted 100% smoke-/tobacco-free policies (TFP) whereas community colleges (CCs), particularly rural CCs, are less likely to have tobacco-free environments. This raises concerns about health equity, particularly because smoking prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban. We examined policy adoption barriers and facilitators for rural California CCs with the aim of providing lessons learned to support TFP adoption by rural CCs and improve conditions for student health and well-being.

Noise and thermal performance of a sub-attofarad capacitance sensor for precision measurements, with applications in gravitational wave detectors.

We describe the design principles, fabrication, and characterization of a precision AC resonant capacitance bridge (RCB) sensor, based on a resonant differential planar printed circuit board transformer with a solid (ungapped) MnZn ferrite core, demonstrating a short-term sensitivity at 293 K of 0.225 ± 0.005 aF/√Hz at around 120 kHz resonance frequency and 1 Hz Fourier measurement frequency.

Early sepsis care with the National Early Warning Score 2-guided Sepsis Hour-1 Bundle in the emergency department: hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation pilot stepped wedge randomised controlled trial (NEWS-1 TRIPS) protocol.

Introduction: Early sepsis treatment in the emergency department (ED) is crucial to improve patient survival. Despite international promulgation, the uptake of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) Hour-1 Bundle (lactate measurement, blood culture, broad-spectrum antibiotics, 30 mL/kg crystalloid for hypotension/lactate ≥4 mmol/L and vasopressors for hypotension during/after fluid resuscitation within 1 hour of sepsis recognition) is low across healthcare settings. Delays in sepsis recognition and a lack of high-quality evidence hinder its implementation.

A phase 2 open-label extension study of prekallikrein inhibition with donidalorsen for hereditary angioedema.

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a potentially fatal disease characterized by unpredictable, recurrent, often disabling swelling attacks. In a randomized phase 2 study, donidalorsen reduced HAE attack frequency and improved patient quality-of-life (ISIS721744-CS2, NCT04030598). We report the 2-year interim analysis of the phase 2 open-label extension (OLE) study (ISIS 721744-CS3, NCT04307381).

Engaging Students in Advancing Campus Tobacco-Free Policies: A Qualitative Study of California Community Colleges' Efforts.

Introduction: Tobacco use remains a serious problem for young adults. Given the large number of young adults attending college, a tobacco-free campus is one strategy to reduce tobacco use. Young adult engagement is recognized as a common strategic practice in tobacco control policy efforts, especially in changing social norms around tobacco use.

Three-year follow-up analysis of axicabtagene ciloleucel in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ZUMA-5).

Axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL). Approval was supported by the phase 2, multicenter, single-arm ZUMA-5 study of axi-cel for patients with R/R indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL; N = 104), including FL and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). In the primary analysis (median follow-up, 17.

Smartphone application with 3D-printed needle guide for faster and more accurate CT-guided interventions in a phantom.

Objective: This study is to determine whether a needle guidance device combining a 3D-printed component with a smartphone would decrease the number of passes and time required to perform a standard CT-guided needle procedure in a phantom study.

Materials And Methods: A 3D-printed mechanical guide with built-in apertures for various needle sizes was designed and printed. It was mounted on a smartphone and used to direct commercially available spring-loaded biopsy devices.

Decision-Making in the Treatment of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: A Survey of Laryngologists.

Objective: Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare condition involving the subglottic larynx and upper trachea, commonly affecting Caucasian females between 30 and 50 years of age. Despite its homogeneous presentation, clinical management for iSGS is yet to be standardized, leading to variability in outcomes between predominant interventions. In recognition of the heterogenicity in iSGS treatment and the need to improve patient outcomes, this study aimed to survey laryngologists to understand the factors influencing clinical decision-making and the incorporation of new treatment modalities for iSGS.