Geniposide modulates GSK3β to inhibit Th17 differentiation and mitigate endothelial damage in intracranial aneurysm.

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common cerebrovascular disease. Immune system disorders and endothelial dysfunction are essential mechanisms of its pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Geniposide (Gen) on IA, which has a protective impact on endothelial cells and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Single-cell sequencing analysis of chronic subdural hematoma cell subpopulations and their potential therapeutic mechanisms.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a prevalent form of intracranial haemorrhage encountered in neurosurgical practice, and its incidence has notably risen in recent years. Currently, there is a lack of studies that have comprehensively classified the cells present in hematomas removed during surgery, and their correlation with CSDH recurrence remains elusive. This study aims to analyse the subcellular populations and occupancy levels within peripheral blood.

Expression and Prognostic Value Identification of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) in Brain Low-Grade Glioma.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the potential function of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) and emphasized its importance in brain low-grade glioma (LGG).

Methods: We firstly explored the differential expression of MTHFD2 mRNA in LGG and normal tissues, followed by correlation analysis of MTHFD2 mRNA expression with patient's clinical characteristics. MTHFD2 protein expression in LGG and subcellular location were also evaluated.

Phoneme Error Pattern by Heritage Speakers of Spanish on an English Word Recognition Test.

Background: Heritage speakers acquire their native language from home use in their early childhood. As the native language is typically a minority language in the society, these individuals receive their formal education in the majority language and eventually develop greater competency with the majority than their native language. To date, there have not been specific research attempts to understand word recognition by heritage speakers.

Acoustic-Phonetic Versus Lexical Processing in Nonnative Listeners Differing in Their Dominant Language.

Purpose: Nonnative listeners have difficulty recognizing English words due to underdeveloped acoustic-phonetic and/or lexical skills. The present study used Boothroyd and Nittrouer's (1988)j factor to tease apart these two components of word recognition.

Method: Participants included 15 native English and 29 native Russian listeners.

Acute lupus pneumonitis followed by intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report.

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IpsO) and acute lupus pneumonitis (ALP) are uncommon severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The present study reports the case of a 26-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting as initial symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed the jejunal wall was thickened and streaky, mimicking the presentation of intestinal obstruction.

Relative Weighting of Semantic and Syntactic Cues in Native and Non-Native Listeners' Recognition of English Sentences.

Objective: Non-native listeners do not recognize English sentences as effectively as native listeners, especially in noise. It is not entirely clear to what extent such group differences arise from differences in relative weight of semantic versus syntactic cues. This study quantified the use and weighting of these contextual cues via Boothroyd and Nittrouer's j and k factors.

[Brainstem cavernous malformation and its surgical treatment].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics and surgery approach for patients with brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM).

Methods: The clinical data of 23 BSCM patients (5 cases at midbrain, 16 cases at pons, and 2 cases at medulla) treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2003 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The medical history, radiological findings, operation records, postoperative course and follow-up results were analyzed.

Surgery Approaches to Brainstem Cavernous Malformations.

Background And Purpose: To summarize our experience in surgery approach to brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM).

Methods: A review of 23 consecutive patients with BSCM receiving surgical resection in our center between July of 2003 and June of 2014 was performed.

Results: Suboccipital approach, retrosigmoid approach, infratentorial-supracerebellar approach, Poppen approach, pterional approach, Kawase approach, and interhemispheric transcallosal-third ventrical approach were applied, of which the last 2 approaches being firstly reported in BSCM surgery.

Intraventricular Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator in Treatment of Aneurysmal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is deemed to result in poor outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of intraventricular injections of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from January 1980 to March 2015 for studies in English.

English word frequency and recognition in bilinguals: Inter-corpus comparison and error analysis.

Objective: This study is the second of a two-part investigation on lexical effects on bilinguals' performance on a clinical English word recognition test. Focus is on word-frequency effects using counts provided by four corpora.

Design: Frequency of occurrence was obtained for 200 NU-6 words from the Hoosier mental lexicon (HML) and three contemporary corpora, American National Corpora, Hyperspace analogue to language (HAL), and SUBTLEX(US).

Acceptance noise level: effects of the speech signal, babble, and listener language.

Purpose: The acceptable noise level (ANL) measure has gained much research/clinical interest in recent years. The present study examined how the characteristics of the speech signal and the babble used in the measure may affect the ANL in listeners with different native languages.

Method: Fifteen English monolingual, 16 Russian-English bilingual, and 24 Spanish-English bilingual listeners participated.

How "proficient" is proficient? Bilingual listeners' recognition of English words in noise.

Purpose: Shi (2011, 2013) obtained sensitivity/specificity measures of bilingual listeners' English and relative proficiency ratings as the predictor of English word recognition in quiet. The current study investigated how relative proficiency predicted word recognition in noise.

Method: Forty-two monolingual and 168 bilingual normal-hearing listeners were included.

Speech audiometry and Spanish-English bilinguals: challenges in clinical practice.

Purpose: The Spanish-English bilingual population has been on a steady rise in the United States and is projected to continue to grow. Speech audiometry, a key component of hearing care, must be customized for this linguistically unique and diverse population.

Method: The tutorial summarizes recent findings concerning Spanish-English bilinguals' performance on English and Spanish speech audiometric tests in the context of the psychometric properties of the tests and the language and dialect profile of the individual (language status, history, stability, competency, and use).

Validating models of clinical word recognition tests for spanish/english bilinguals.

Purpose: Shi and Sánchez (2010) developed models to predict the optimal test language for evaluating Spanish/English (S/E) bilinguals' word recognition. The current study intended to validate their conclusions in a separate bilingual listener sample.

Method: Seventy normal-hearing S/E bilinguals varying in language profile were included.

Psychometric function for NU-6 word recognition in noise: effects of first language and dominant language.

Objectives: The present study attempted to establish psychometric function in individuals whose first language is not English. Psychometric function was obtained for one of the most commonly used clinical tests, the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (Tillman & Carhart 1966), so that findings could be directly applied to everyday clinical practice.

Lexical effects on recognition of the NU-6 words by monolingual and bilingual listeners.

Objective: This study investigated how lexical effects account for word recognition in monolinguals versus bilinguals.

Design: Listener-specific error rate and familiarity rating of 200 NU-6 words were obtained. Lexical data (normative familiarity, frequency of occurrence, neighborhood density, and frequency of neighborhood competitors) for these words were obtained from the Hoosier mental lexicon.

Measuring effectiveness of semantic cues in degraded English sentences in non-native listeners.

Objective: This study employed Boothroyd and Nittrouer's k (1988) to directly quantify effectiveness in native versus non-native listeners' use of semantic cues.

Design: Listeners were presented speech-perception-in-noise sentences processed at three levels of concurrent multi-talker babble and reverberation. For each condition, 50 sentences with multiple semantic cues and 50 with minimum semantic cues were randomly presented.

Performance-intensity functions of Mandarin word recognition tests in noise: test dialect and listener language effects.

Purpose: This study established the performance-intensity function for Beijing and Taiwan Mandarin bisyllabic word recognition tests in noise in native speakers of Wu Chinese. Effects of the test dialect and listeners' first language on psychometric variables (i.e.

Dialectal effects on a clinical Spanish word recognition test.

Purpose: American Spanish dialects have substantial phonetic and lexical differences. This study investigated how dialectal differences affect Spanish/English bilingual individuals’ performance on a clinical Spanish word recognition test.

Method: Forty Spanish/English bilinguals participated in the study—20 dominant in Spanish and 20 in English.

How "proficient" is proficient? comparison of English and relative proficiency rating as a predictor of bilingual listeners' word recognition.

Purpose: The current study attempted to validate that English proficiency self-ratings predict bilinguals’ recognition of English words as reported in Shi (2011) and to explore whether relative proficiency ratings (English vs. first language) improve prediction.

Method: One hundred and twenty-four participants in Shi (2011) and an additional set of 145 participants were included (Groups 1 and 2, respectively) in this study.

Understanding native Russian listeners' errors on an English word recognition test: model-based analysis of phoneme confusion.

Objective: Word recognition is a basic component in a comprehensive hearing evaluation, but data are lacking for listeners speaking two languages. This study obtained such data for Russian natives in the US and analysed the data using the perceptual assimilation model (PAM) and speech learning model (SLM).

Design: Listeners were randomly presented 200 NU-6 words in quiet.

Linguistic and attitudinal factors in normal-hearing bilingual listeners' perception of degraded English passages.

Purpose: Linguistic variables alone cannot fully account for bilingual listeners' perception of English-running speech. In the present study, the authors investigated how linguistic and attitudinal factors, in combination, affect bilingual processing of temporally degraded English passages in quiet and in noise.

Method: Thirty-six bilinguals with various linguistic and attitudinal characteristics participated in the study.

Contribution of linguistic variables to bilingual listeners' perception of degraded English sentences.

Purpose: The present study was designed to investigate what linguistic variables best predict bilingual recognition of acoustically degraded sentences and how to identify bilingual individuals who might have more difficulty than their monolingual counterparts on such tasks.

Method: Four hundred English speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) sentences with high and low context were presented in combinations of noise (signal-to-noise ratio: +6 and 0 dB) and reverberation (reverberation time: 1.2 and 3.

Bilingual listeners' perception of temporally manipulated English passages.

Purpose: The current study measured, objectively and subjectively, how changes in speech rate affect recognition of English passages in bilingual listeners.

Method: Ten native monolingual, 20 English-dominant bilingual, and 20 non-English-dominant bilingual listeners repeated target words in English passages at five speech rates (unprocessed, two expanded, and two compressed), in quiet and in noise. For noise conditions, performance was measured at a signal-to-noise ratio that was determined through an adaptive procedure to avoid ceiling and floor effects.