Huge extrahepatic gallstone on percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tip-a pediatric case report.

Biliary strictures, which are common in the first year after pediatric liver transplantation, are diagnosed and managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. In children undergoing percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, early cholangitis is the most common complication while typical catheter-related complications are obstruction, dislodgement, kinking, or fracture. This case report discusses the unique presentation and management of a 5-year-old girl with an incidental percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage-associated extrahepatic gallstone formation following treatment of biliary stricture after pediatric liver transplantation.

Ultrasound-guided needle positioning confirmation with injection of saline solution for nodal dynamic contrast-enhanced MR-lymphangiography in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To assess the success rate of confirmation of ultrasound-guided intranodal needle positioning by saline injection for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) in pediatric patients.

Material And Methods: Data from children undergoing nodal DCMRL after ultrasound-guided needle positioning into inguinal lymph nodes and validation of the needle position by injection of plain saline solution between 05/2020 and 12/2022 were reviewed. On injection of saline solution, adequate needle position was confirmed by lymph node distension without leakage.

Privacy-ensuring Open-weights Large Language Models Are Competitive with Closed-weights GPT-4o in Extracting Chest Radiography Findings from Free-Text Reports.

Background Large-scale secondary use of clinical databases requires automated tools for retrospective extraction of structured content from free-text radiology reports. Purpose To share data and insights on the application of privacy-preserving open-weights large language models (LLMs) for reporting content extraction with comparison to standard rule-based systems and the closed-weights LLMs from OpenAI. Materials and Methods In this retrospective exploratory study conducted between May 2024 and September 2024, zero-shot prompting of 17 open-weights LLMs was preformed.

Audiovisual Breathing Guidance for Improved Image Quality and Scan Efficiency of T2- and Diffusion-Weighted Liver MRI.

Objectives: Impaired image quality and long scan times frequently occur in respiratory-triggered sequences in liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We evaluated the impact of an in-bore active breathing guidance (BG) application on image quality and scan time of respiratory-triggered T2-weighted (T2) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) by comparing sequences with standard triggering (T2S and DWIS) and with BG (T2BG and DWIBG).

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, random patients with clinical indications for liver MRI underwent 3 T MRI with standard and BG acquisitions.

Accelerated High-resolution T1- and T2-weighted Breast MRI with Deep Learning Super-resolution Reconstruction.

Rationale And Objectives: To assess the performance of an industry-developed deep learning (DL) algorithm to reconstruct low-resolution Cartesian T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (T1w) and T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo (T2w) sequences and compare them to standard sequences.

Materials And Methods: Female patients with indications for breast MRI were included in this prospective study. The study protocol at 1.

Comparing multi-texture fibrosis analysis versus binary opacity-based abnormality detection for quantitative assessment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Automated tools for quantification of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can aid in ensuring reproducibility, however their complexity and costs can differ substantially. In this retrospective study, two automated tools were compared in 45 patients with biopsy proven (12/45) and imaging-based (33/45) IPF diagnosis (mean age 74 ± 9 years, 37 male) for quantification of pulmonary fibrosis in CT. First, a tool that identifies multiple characteristic lung texture features was applied to measure multi-texture fibrotic lung (MTFL) by combining the amount of ground glass, reticulation, and honeycombing.

Artifact Reduction in Interventional Devices Using Virtual Monoenergetic Images and Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction on Photon-Counting Detector CT.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of an iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithm combined with virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) for artifact reduction in photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCDCT) during interventions.

Materials And Methods: Using an abdominal phantom, we conducted evaluations on the efficacy of iMAR and VMIs for mitigating image artifacts during interventions on a PCDCT. Four different puncture devices were employed under 2 scan modes (QuantumSn at 100 kV, Quantumplus at 140 kV) to simulate various clinical scenarios.

Dissection of Progressive Disease Patterns for a Modified Classification for Immunotherapy.

Importance: Progressive disease (PD) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) varies widely in outcomes according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. Efforts to modify RECIST for ICI treatment have not resolved the heterogeneity in PD patterns, posing a clinical challenge.

Deep learning for opportunistic, end-to-end automated assessment of epicardial adipose tissue in pre-interventional, ECG-gated spiral computed tomography.

Objectives: Recently, epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) assessed by CT was identified as an independent mortality predictor in patients with various cardiac diseases. Our goal was to develop a deep learning pipeline for robust automatic EAT assessment in CT.

Methods: Contrast-enhanced ECG-gated cardiac and thoraco-abdominal spiral CT imaging from 1502 patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was included.

Metastasis Detection Using True and Artificial T1-Weighted Postcontrast Images in Brain MRI.

Objectives: Small lesions are the limiting factor for reducing gadolinium-based contrast agents in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity and precision in metastasis detection on true contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (T1w) images and artificial images synthesized by a deep learning method using low-dose images.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, multicenter study (5 centers, 12 scanners), 917 participants underwent brain MRI between October 2021 and March 2023 including T1w low-dose (0.

Intra-individual Differences in Pericoronary Fat Attenuation Index Measurements Between Photon-counting and Energy-integrating Detector Computed Tomography.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore intra-individual differences in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) fat attenuation index (FAI) between photon-counting detector (PCD)- and energy-integrating detector (EID)-CT.

Material And Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled for a PCD-CT research scan within 30 days of EID-CT. Both acquisitions were reconstructed using a Qr36 kernel at 0.

Ultra-high gradient performance 3-Tesla MRI for super-fast and high-quality prostate imaging: initial experience.

Objectives: To implement and evaluate a super-fast and high-quality biparametric MRI (bpMRI) protocol for prostate imaging acquired at a new ultra-high gradient 3.0-T MRI system.

Methods: Participants with clinically suspected prostate cancer prospectively underwent a multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) on a new 3.

Rapid and motion-robust pediatric brain imaging: T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo PROPELLER acquisition with compressed sensing.

Background: In pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), reducing the rate of non-diagnostic scans due to artifacts and shortening acquisition time are crucial not only for economic reasons but also to minimize sedation or general anesthesia.

Objective: Enabling faster and motion-robust MRI of the brain in infants and children using a novel, enhanced compressed sensing (CS) algorithm in combination with a turbo-spin-echo T2-weighted sequence utilizing the PROPELLER-technique (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction; T2).

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 31 patients (8.

Deep learning super-resolution reconstruction for fast and high-quality cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Objectives: To compare standard-resolution balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cine images with cine images acquired at low resolution but reconstructed with a deep learning (DL) super-resolution algorithm.

Materials And Methods: Cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) datasets (short-axis and 4-chamber views) were prospectively acquired in healthy volunteers and patients at normal (cine: 1.89 × 1.

Cardiac MRI in infarct-like myocarditis: transmural extension of late gadolinium enhancement is associated with worse outcomes.

Objectives: To assess the prognostic value of cardiac MRI (CMR) parameters for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with infarct-like myocarditis.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, patients with CMR-confirmed acute myocarditis with infarct-like presentation were identified (2007-2020). Functional and structural parameters were analyzed including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).

Deep Learning Virtual Contrast-Enhanced T1 Mapping for Contrast-Free Myocardial Extracellular Volume Assessment.

Background: The acquisition of contrast-enhanced T1 maps to calculate extracellular volume (ECV) requires contrast agent administration and is time consuming. This study investigates generative adversarial networks for contrast-free, virtual extracellular volume (vECV) by generating virtual contrast-enhanced T1 maps.

Methods And Results: This retrospective study includes 2518 registered native and contrast-enhanced T1 maps from 1000 patients who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 1.

The impact of lenvatinib on sarcopenia in patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Lenvatinib is a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TKI are suspected of exacerbating muscle loss in patients with cancer. In this study, we analyze the role of muscle loss in patients with advanced HCC treated with lenvatinib.

Intra-individual comparison of epicardial adipose tissue characteristics on coronary CT angiography between photon-counting detector and energy-integrating detector CT systems.

Purpose: To explore the potential differences in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and attenuation measurements between photon-counting detector (PCD) and energy-integrating detector (EID)-CT systems.

Methods: Fifty patients (mean age 69 ± 8 years, 41 male [82 %]) were prospectively enrolled for a research coronary CT angiography (CCTA) on a PCD-CT within 30 days after clinical EID-based CCTA. EID-CT acquisitions were reconstructed using a Bv40 kernel at 0.