Electron donor availability controls scale up of anodic biofilms.

The scale up of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is a challenging problem that limits the advancement and practical implementation of the technology. The goal of this work is to acquire an understanding of the limitations on scaling up anodic biofilms in BESs. We hypothesized that scaling up is dependent on the availability of electron donors.

The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on chronic subjective tinnitus.

Objectives: Chronic Subjective Tinnitus is a very highly prevalent disorder worldwide. There is no definitive treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to the auricula for treating tinnitus using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI).

The protective effects of thymoquinone on lung damage caused by cigarette smoke.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by systemic inflammation that usually is caused by exposure to noxious particles or gases. Thymoquinone (TQ) prevents the production of inflammatory mediators, such as thromboxane B2 and leukotriene, by altering arachidonic acid metabolism. We investigated the preventive and curative effects of TQ on lung damage in rats caused by cigarette smoke (CS).

Canal wall down versus canal wall up surgeries in the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma.

Background/aim: To compare outcomes of canal wall up (CWU) and canal wall down (CWD) techniques in the treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma.

Materials And Methods: Medical records of 76 patients who had a primary surgery due to middle ear cholesteatoma between July 2015 and November 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Hearing thresholds, speech discrimination scores (SDS), recurrences, and revision surgeries of CWU and CWD surgeries were compared.

A simple method to reduce halitosis; tongue scraping with probiotics.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of probiotic implantation to the dorsum of the tongue against halitosis.

Materials And Methods: 100 participants were randomly divided into three groups as tongue back scraping (TS), probiotic implantation to the dorsum of the tongue (PB) and mouthwash alone as the control group (MW). Measurements were taken before the treatment, after the first month of treatment and one month after the cessation of treatment.

The Relationship of Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex With Self-Reported Dizziness Handicap in Patients With Vestibular Deafferentation.

The relationship between objective vestibular tests and subjective vestibular tests is a controversial topic. In this study, to contribute to this issue, the vestibulo-ocular reflex features and their relationship with balance perception at long-term follow-up in vestibular neurectomy (VN) and total labyrentectomy patients were evaluated. Prospectively, 19 VN and 18 labyrinthectomy patients were enrolled in this study.

Monoclonal Caveolin 1 Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma: Is it Useful?

In this study we aim to demonstrate the value of monoclonal Caveolin 1 expression in distinguishing between malignant pleural mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Total of 129 cases, consisting of 68 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma (51 epitheloid, 12 biphasic, and 5 sarcomatoid type) and 61 cases of pulmonary adenocarcinoma were examined and stained with monoclonal Caveolin-1. Caveolin 1 expression with a membranous and /or cytoplasmic pattern was detected only in 32.

Evaluation of occult uterine leiomyosarcomas.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of occult uterine leiomyosarcomas following hysterectomies and myomectomiesperformed for benign reasons at our clinic and to draw comparisons with similar studies in the literature.

Material And Methods: All hysterectomies and myomectomies that have been performed for benign reasons at our clinicbetween 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively examined via the hospital's information system and the patients that werefound to have leiomyosarcomas were analysed. The incidence of occult uterine leiomyosarcoma per 1000 surgeries at ourclinic was calculated using the Wilson score interval.

Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in Turkish schoolchildren.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in schoolchildren aged 5-18 by using portable echocardiography in Ankara, Turkey.

Methods: The portable echocardiography screening was performed by a paediatric cardiologist for all of the cases. The mean age of 2550 healthy students was 11.

Evaluation of serum ischaemia-modified albumin levels in patients with Bell's palsy.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum ischaemia-modified albumin levels and Bell's palsy severity.

Methods: The study included 30 patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy and 30 healthy individuals. The patients were separated into three disease severity groups (grades 2, 3 and 4) according to House-Brackmann classification.

The Role of Cysteine Cathepsins in Cancer Progression and Drug Resistance.

Cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal enzymes belonging to the papain family. Their expression is misregulated in a wide variety of tumors, and ample data prove their involvement in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and in the occurrence of drug resistance. However, while their overexpression is usually associated with highly aggressive tumor phenotypes, their mechanistic role in cancer progression is still to be determined to develop new therapeutic strategies.

Investigation of the Antibiofilm Effects of Essential Oil on Titanium and Stainless Steel Orthopedic Implant Surfaces.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the antibiofilm activity of essential oil (EO) against biofilms forming on in-vitro implant surfaces.

Materials And Methods: and biofilms were used. Stainless steel and titanium samples were grouped as control, water diluted, no EO addition, and reducing amounts of EO doses.

25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Pediatric Asthma Patients and its Link with Asthma Severity.

Aim Although the relationship between 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D and asthma is known, it is unknown if 25-OH vitamin D levels are correlated with asthma severity in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to compare the blood 25-OH vitamin D levels of asthma patients and healthy control groups and to evaluate any correlation between asthma severity and blood 25-OH vitamin D levels in pediatric asthma patients. Methods This is a cross-sectional study which shows the 25-OH vitamin D levels of asthma patients and compared to healthy controls followed by a tertiary pediatric clinic.

Clinical significance of progastrin-releasing peptide, neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin a, and squamous cell cancer antigen in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

Background/aim: It is not always easy to diagnose pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The aim of the present study is to make a differential diagnosis by studying the same markers in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), patients with benign lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia), and healthy volunteers to determine the roles of these markers in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis and to identify their power.

Materials And Methods: A total of 100 participants including 23 PNET patients and 28 NSCLC patients who were pathologically di-agnosed but not yet treated, 25 participants with benign disease, and 24 healthy volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study.

The Effect of Gastric Colonization on Nasal Functions.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gastric colonization on nasal functions. The study enrolled patients (n = 100) who underwent endoscopy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) were identified by Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) and Reflux Finding Score (RFS).

Assessment of Cochlear Implant Revision Surgeries in a Cohort of 802 Patients.

Objective: To assess the etiology, demographics, rates and outcomes of revision surgeries, and device survival rates after cochlear implantation.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary Otology & Neurotology center.

Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy in Children: 1 Day PEG-3350 with Bisacodyl versus 3 Day Sennosides.

Background And Objectives: Bowel preparation (BP) for colonoscopy is a challenging procedure in children and different regimens have been used for this purpose. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most preferred agent in recent years. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1-day PEG-3350 with bisacodyl (PEG-B) and comparing it with 3-day sennosides A+B.

Assessment of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremity in Behçet's syndrome: MR venography versus Doppler ultrasonography.

Lower extremity venous thrombosis (DVT) is the most common vascular manifestation of Behçet's syndrome (BS). Currently, Doppler ultrasonography (USG) is the most commonly preferred imaging modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acute and chronic DVT. Magnetic resonance (MR) venography, a quick and a non-invasive imaging modality, is successfully used to detect DVT in various settings.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indenopyrazole derivatives.

A series of novel indenopyrazole derivatives 2a-j and 3a-j were synthesized from the reaction of 1-(4-(hydroxy(1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2 H-inden-2-ylidene)methyl)phenyl)-3-phenylurea derivatives 1a-j with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine, respectively. The obtained novel indenopyrazoles ( 2a-j and 3a-j) were evaluated for anticancer activity against HeLa and C6 cell lines. Antiproliferative activity was determined by the BrdU proliferation ELISA assay; 2a, 2b, 2d, 2h, and 3h were found to be the most active compounds.

Evaluation of antimicrobial, antibiofilm and carbonic anhydrase inhibition profiles of 1,3-bis-chalcone derivatives.

A series of 1,3-bis-chalcone derivatives (3a-i, 6a-i and 8) were synthesized and evaluated antimicrobial, antibiofilm and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities. In this evaluation, 6f was found to be the most active compound showing the same effect as the positive control against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pyogenes in terms of antimicrobial activity. Biofilm structures formed by microorganisms were damaged by compounds at the minimum inhibitory concentration value between 0.

Attempted use of PACE for riboswitch discovery generates three new translational theophylline riboswitch side products.

Objective: The purpose of this project was to use an in vivo method to discover riboswitches that are activated by new ligands. We employed phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) to evolve new riboswitches in vivo. We started with one translational riboswitch and one transcriptional riboswitch, both of which were activated by theophylline.