Correction: High prevalence of p16 staining in malignant tumors.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Expression in Human Tumors: A Tissue Microarray Study on 13,725 Tumors.

Background/objectives: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a cell-surface glycoprotein serving as a drug target, diagnostic marker, and serum marker for cancer monitoring. However, prevalence data on CEA expression in cancer tissues vary considerably. This study was designed to determine CEA expression in normal and neoplastic tissues.

Prevalence and clinical significance of Claudin-3 expression in cancer: a tissue microarray study on 14,966 tumor samples.

Background: Claudin-3 (CLDN3) participates in the formation of the tight-junctions (TJs) that regulate intercellular permeability. Altered CLDN3 expression has been linked to tumor progression in multiple tumor types. Despite its widespread expression in normal epithelial cells, CLDN3 is considered an attractive drug target candidate, since it may be more accessible in cancer cells than in normal cells due to their less orchestrated cell growth.

Human RAMP1 overexpressing mice are resistant to migraine therapies for motion sensitivity.

Both enhanced motion-induced nausea and increased static imbalance are observed symptoms in migraine and especially vestibular migraine (VM). Motion-induced nausea and static imbalance were investigated in a mouse model, nestin/hRAMP1, expressing elevated levels of human RAMP1 which enhances CGRP signaling in the nervous system, and compared to non-affected littermate controls. Behavioral surrogates such as the motion-induced thermoregulation and postural sway center of pressure (CoP) assays were used to assess motion sensitivity.

PAX6 is a useful marker for pancreatic origin of neuroendocrine neoplasms: A tissue microarray study evaluating more than 19,000 tumors from 150 different tumor types.

PAX6 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was proposed as a tool to identify a pancreatic origin of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). To evaluate the diagnostic utility of PAX6 IHC, a tissue microarray containing 19,214 samples from 150 tumor types was analyzed. Data on progesterone receptor (PR) and glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) expression were available from previous studies.

Loss of Calcitonin Gene Related Receptor component protein (RCP) in nervous system can bias "gepant" antagonism.

Unlabelled: We examined calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)'s effects on behavioral surrogates for motion-induced nausea and static imbalance in the nestinRCP (-/-), a novel mouse model that loses expression of receptor component protein (RCP) in the nervous system after tamoxifen induction. The assays used were the motion-induced thermoregulation and center of pressure (CoP) assays. Findings suggest CGRP's affects behavioral measures in the nestinRCP (-/-) similarly to littermate controls, since CGRP was observed to increase female sway and diminishes tail vasodilations to provocative motion in both sexes.

Expression of Trefoil Factor 1 (TFF1) in Cancer: A Tissue Microarray Study Involving 18,878 Tumors.

Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) plays a role in the mucus barrier. To evaluate the prevalence of TFF1 expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 18,878 samples from 149 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types was analyzed through immunohistochemistry (IHC). TFF1 staining was detectable in 65 of 149 tumor categories.

PAX8 expression in cancerous and non-neoplastic tissue: a tissue microarray study on more than 17,000 tumors from 149 different tumor entities.

PAX8 plays a role in development of the thyroid, kidney, and the Wolffian and Mullerian tract. In surgical pathology, PAX8 immunohistochemistry is used to determine tumors of renal and ovarian origin, but data on its expression in other tumors are conflicting. To evaluate PAX8 expression in normal and tumor tissues, a tissue microarray containing 17,386 samples from 149 different tumor types and 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Stimulator of Interferon Genes Protein (STING) Expression in Cancer Cells: A Tissue Microarray Study Evaluating More than 18,000 Tumors from 139 Different Tumor Entities.

Stimulator of interferon genes protein (STING) activates the immune response in inflammatory cells. STING expression in cancer cells is less well characterized, but STING agonists are currently being evaluated as anticancer drugs. A tissue microarray containing 18,001 samples from 139 different tumor types was analyzed for STING by immunohistochemistry.

Loss of calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) and use of a vestibular challenge highlight balance deficiencies in aging mice.

Aging impacts the vestibular system and contributes to imbalance. In fact, imbalance precedes changes in cognition in the elderly. However, research is limited in assessing aging mouse models that are deficient in crucial neuromodulators like Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP).

Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2-infected older mice with neurological signs.

COVID-19 can cause neurological symptoms such as fever, dizziness, and nausea. However, such neurological symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. In this study, we infected two commonly used wild-type mouse lines (C57BL/6J and 129/SvEv) and a 129S calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) null-line with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological signs including fever, dizziness, and nausea.

Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) Expression in Human Tumors: A Comparison with Pan-Cytokeratin and TROP2 in 14,832 Tumors.

EpCAM is expressed in many epithelial tumors and is used for the distinction of malignant mesotheliomas from adenocarcinomas and as a surrogate pan-epithelial marker. A tissue microarray containing 14,832 samples from 120 different tumor categories was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. EpCAM staining was compared with TROP2 and CKpan.

Staining pattern of specific and cross-reacting Melan-A antibodies: A comparative study on 15,840 samples from 133 human tumor types.

The Melan-A (melanocyte antigen) protein, also termed 'melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1' (MART-1) is a protein with unknown function whose expression is specific for the melanocyte lineage. Antibodies against Melan-A are thus used for identifying melanocytic tumors, but some Melan-A antibodies show an additional - diagnostically useful - cross-reactivity against an unspecified protein involved in corticosteroid hormone synthesis. To comprehensively compare the staining patterns of a specific and a cross-reactive Melan-A antibody in normal and neoplastic tissues, tissue microarrays containing 15,840 samples from 133 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Cadherin-17 (CDH17) expression in human cancer: A tissue microarray study on 18,131 tumors.

Cadherin-17 (CDH17) is a membranous cell adhesion protein predominantly expressed in intestinal epithelial cells. CDH17 is therefore considered a possible diagnostic and therapeutic target. This study was to comprehensively determine the expression of CDH17 in cancer and to further assess the diagnostic utility of CDH17 immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Prostein expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 19,202 tumors from 152 different Tumor entities.

Background: Prostein (P501S), also termed solute carrier family 45 member 3 (SLC45A3) is an androgen regulated protein which is preferentially expressed in prostate epithelial cells. Because of its frequent expression in prostate cancer, prostein was suggested a diagnostic prostate cancer marker.

Methods: In order to comprehensively assess the diagnostic utility of prostein immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 19,202 samples from 152 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonism reduces motion sickness indicators in mouse migraine models.

Background: Migraine and vestibular migraine are disorders associated with a heightened motion sensitivity that provoke symptoms of motion-induced nausea and motion sickness. VM affects ∼3% of adults in the USA and affects three-fold more women than men. Triptans (selective serotonin receptor agonists) relieve migraine pain but lack efficacy for vertigo.

Migraine inhibitor olcegepant reduces weight loss and IL-6 release in SARS-CoV-2 infected older mice with neurological signs.

COVID-19 can result in neurological symptoms such as fever, headache, dizziness, and nausea. However, neurological signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been hardly assessed in mouse models. Here, we infected two commonly used wildtype mice lines (C57BL/6 and 129S) with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated neurological signs including motion-related dizziness.

Human RAMP1 overexpressing mice are resistant to migraine therapies for motion sensitivity.

Both enhanced motion-induced nausea and increased static imbalance are observed symptoms in migraine and especially vestibular migraine (VM). Motion-induced nausea and static imbalance were investigated in a mouse model, nestin/hRAMP1, expressing elevated levels of human RAMP1 which enhances CGRP signaling in the nervous system, and compared to non-affected littermate controls. Behavioral surrogates such as the motion- induced thermoregulation and postural sway center of pressure (CoP) assays were used to assess motion sensitivity.