Unveiling hidden reaction kinetics of carbon dioxide in supercritical aqueous solutions.

Dissolution of CO in water followed by the subsequent hydrolysis reactions is of great importance to the global carbon cycle, and carbon capture and storage. Despite numerous previous studies, the reactions are still not fully understood at the atomistic scale. Here, we combined ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with Markov state models to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of CO in supercritical water both in the bulk and nanoconfined states.

2D Chiral Ag(I) Complexes with A-π-- and D-π--Type Dicarboxylic Acid Ligands: Presenting Significant Differences in Nonlinear Optical Responses.

Three two-dimensional (2D) chiral Ag(I) complexes with formulas [Ag(L)(5-nipa)] (), [Ag(L)(5-nipa)] (), and {[Ag(L)(5-hipa)]·2HO} () were prepared through the reactions of AgO with enantiopure -monodentate N-donors (L/L) and different dicarboxylic acids bearing A (acceptor)-π-- and D (donor)-π--type structural features, where / = (-)/(+)-2-(4'-pyridyl)-4,5-pinene-pyridine, 5-Hnipa = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, and 5-Hhipa = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid. A study of their nonlinear optical responses reveals that chiral and enantiomeric pairs with the A-π--type dicarboxylic acid ligand simultaneously display second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) responses, while chiral containing the D-π--type dicarboxylic acid ligand only exhibits a very strong THG response. The THG intensity of is 451 × α-SiO, being about 27 and 24 times larger than those of and , respectively.

Toward Large-Scale Photonic Chips Using Low-Anisotropy Thin-Film Lithium-Tantalate.

Photonic manipulation of large-capacity data with the advantages of high speed and low power consumption is a promising solution for explosive growth demands in the era of post-Moore. A well-developed lithium-niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform has been widely explored for high-performance electro-optic (EO) modulators to bridge electrical and optical signals. However, the photonic waveguides on the x-cut LNOI platform suffer serious polarization-mode conversion/coupling issues because of strong birefringence, making it hard to realize large-scale integration.

Study on mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in the treatment of the hand-foot skin reaction induced by targeted drug therapy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: An observational study.

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study explored its active compounds and confirmed its potential mechanism of action against Hand-foot skin reaction induced by tumor-targeted drugs. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and UniProt Database were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of Spatholobi Caulis. All hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR)-related targets were obtained with the help of the Human Gene Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Humans (OMIM), DisGeNET and DrugBank databases.

The clinical effects of continuous nursing intervention combined with chronic disease management center in patients with severe hypertension.

The construction and application of chronic disease management centers are increasing. However, the effect of continuing nursing combined with intervention measures provided by chronic disease management centers in patients with severe hypertension is still unclear. To analyze the application effect of continuous nursing intervention combined with chronic disease management center in patients with severe hypertension.

Causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and risk of prostate cancer: Multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian-randomization analyses.

Previous studies have suggested an association between autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the causal relationship between AID and PCa remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal association between 3 common AIDs, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and the risk of PCa.

TSLP acts on regulatory T cells to maintain their identity and limit allergic inflammation.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a type I cytokine that promotes allergic responses and mediates type 2 immunity. A balance between effector T cells (T), which drive the immune response, and regulatory T cells (T), which suppress the response, is required for proper immune homeostasis. Here, we report that TSLP differentially acts on T versus T to balance type 2 immunity.

Arginine Metabolism Reprogramming in Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)-Induced Liver Injury.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent pollutant that has gained worldwide attention, owing to its widespread presence in the environment. Previous studies have reported that PFOA upregulates lipid metabolism and is associated with liver injury in humans. However, when the fatty acid degradation pathway is activated, lipid accumulation still occurs, suggesting the presence of unknown pathways and mechanisms that remain to be elucidated.

ROS-Responsive Microneedle Patches Enable Peri-Lacrimal Gland Therapeutic Administration for Long-Acting Therapy of Sjögren's Syndrome-Related Dry Eye.

Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye (SSDE) is a severe dry eye subtype characterized by significant immune cell attacks on the lacrimal gland. However, delivering immunosuppressive drugs to the lacrimal glands for SSDE therapy safely and sustainably poses significant challenges in clinical practice. Herein, a ROS-responsive microneedle patch with detachable functionality (CE-MN) is developed to enable straightforward and minimally invasive administration to the lacrimal gland area by penetrating the periocular skin.

On-Chip Metamaterial-Enhanced Mid-Infrared Photodetectors with Built-In Encryption Features.

The integration of mid-infrared (MIR) photodetectors with built-in encryption capabilities holds immense promise for advancing secure communications in decentralized networks and compact sensing systems. However, achieving high sensitivity, self-powered operation, and reliable performance at room temperature within a miniaturized form factor remains a formidable challenge, largely due to constraints in MIR light absorption and the intricacies of embedding encryption at the device level. Here, a novel on-chip metamaterial-enhanced, 2D tantalum nickel selenide (Ta₂NiSe₅)-based photodetector, meticulously designed with a custom-engineered plasmonic resonance microstructure to achieve self-powered photodetection in the nanoampere range is unveiled.

Transcriptional determinants of goal-directed learning and representational drift in the parahippocampal cortex.

Task learning involves learning associations between stimuli and outcomes and storing these relationships in memory. While this information can be reliably decoded from population activity, individual neurons encoding this representation can drift over time. The circuit or molecular mechanisms underlying this drift and its role in learning are unclear.

Exploration of Novel Metabolic Mechanisms Underlying Primary Biliary Cholangitis Using Hepatic Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Proteomics Analysis.

Metabolic reprogramming is important in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) development. However, studies investigating the metabolic signature within the liver of PBC patients are limited. In this study, liver biopsies from 31 PBC patients and 15 healthy controls were collected, and comprehensive metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analysis were conducted to characterize the metabolic landscape in PBC.

Dynamic Phosphorescence Behavior of Carbene-Metal-Amide Complexes from the Perspective of Excited State Modulation.

Carbene-metal-amide (CMA) complexes have diverse applications in luminescence, imaging and sensing. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of CMA complexes, which were subsequently doped into a PMMA host. These materials demonstrate light-induced dynamic phosphorescence, attributed to their long intrinsic triplet state lifetime (τP,int, in the μs-ms scale), high intersystem crossing (ISC) rate constant (kISC, up to 107 s-1), and bright phosphorescence.

Tuning Isomerism Effect in Organic Bulk Additives Enables Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Organic additives with multiple functional groups have shown great promise in improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. The functional groups can passivate undercoordinated ions to reduce nonradiative recombination losses. However, how these groups synergistically affect the enhancement beyond passivation is still unclear.

Age-specific and sex-specific associations of visceral adipose tissue with metabolic health status and cardiovascular disease risk.

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is known to play a role in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the age- and sex-specific associations between VAT and these diseases remain unclear.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,150 participants (39.

Complete mitochondrial genome of (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Rhaphidophorinae).

We present the complete mitochondrial genome of from China. The mitogenome of is circular, AT-rich (75.3%), and 15,898 bp in length.

Large Polarization Change Induced by Spin Crossover-Driven Fe(II) Ion Shuttling within a Tripodal Ligand.

The integration of spin crossover (SCO) magnetic switching and electric polarization properties can engender intriguing correlated magnetic and electric phenomena. However, achieving substantial SCO-induced polarization change through rational molecular design remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we present a polar Fe(II) compound that exhibits substantial polarization change in response to a thermally regulated low-spin ↔ high-spin transition.

Synergistic effect of anemia and obstructive sleep apnea on hypertension: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018.

Objective: Anemia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and hypertension are common social health problems. They are interconnected. This study assessed the independent association of anemia and OSA with hypertension and the interaction between anemia and OSA on hypertension in the US population.

Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Patch for Accelerated Wound Healing Through the Synergy of Electrostimulation and Photothermal Effect.

Physiological wound healing process can restore the functional and structural integrity of skin, but is often delayed due to external disturbance. The development of methods for promoting the repair process of skin wounds represents a highly desired and challenging goal. Here, a flexible, self-powered, and multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) wound patch (e-patch) is presented for accelerating wound healing through the synergy of electrostimulation and photothermal effect.

Identification of Programmed Cell Death-related Biomarkers for the Potential Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a skeletal condition characterized by increased susceptibility to fractures. Programmed cell death (PCD) is the orderly process of cells ending their own life that has not been thoroughly explored in relation to OP.

Objective: This study is to investigate PCD-related genes in OP, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying the disease.

Experience in laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration for super-elderly patients with choledocholithiasis-A 96-year-old case report.

Background: Super-elderly patients with choledocholithiasis are considered to be at high risk for undergoing surgery. While laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE) is regarded as a challenging procedure for super-elderly patients with choledocholithiasis, there have been no reported cases of its use in super-elderly patients over the age of 96.

Case Summary: This case study presents the case of a 96-year-old female patient with acute calculous cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis.

Digital Exclusion and Depressive Symptoms among Older People: Findings from Five Aging Cohort Studies across 24 Countries.

Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low- and middle-income nations. However, there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS).

Adeno-Associated Virus 8 and 9 Myofibre Type/Size Tropism Profiling Reveals Therapeutic Effect of Microdystrophin in Canines.

Background: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 8 and 9 are in clinical trials for treating neuromuscular diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Muscle consists of myofibres of different types and sizes. However, little is known about the fibre type and fibre size tropism of AAV in large mammals.

Recent developments in pillar[5]arene-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy.

Nanomaterials possess unique size characteristics, enabling them to cross tissue gaps, penetrate the blood-brain barrier and endothelial cells, and release drugs at the cellular level. Additionally, the surface of nanomaterials is readily functionalized, endowing them with good biocompatibility, low biotoxicity, and specific targeting. All these advantages render nanomaterials broad application prospects in tumor therapy.