Are the Results of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Third Edition) Predictive for Later Motor Skills and School Performance?

Background/objectives: The first year of life represents a critical developmental stage in which the foundations for motor, cognitive, language, and social-emotional development are set. During this time, development occurs rapidly, making early detection of developmental disorders essential for timely intervention. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-Third Edition (Bayley-III) is an effective tool for assessing language, motor, and cognitive development in children aged 1 to 42 months.

Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam versus ceftolozane-tazobactam for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the USA (CACTUS): a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.

Background: Ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam are preferred treatment options for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections; however, real-world comparative effectiveness studies are scarce. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between the agents might affect clinical response rates. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam for treatment of invasive multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa infections.

Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: a 10-year experience at a German vascular anomaly center and evaluation of diagnostic imaging for endovascular therapy assessment.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) account for <3% of vascular anomalies. This study aims to present the 10-year experience of a German vascular anomaly center (VAC) with AVMs and evaluate diagnostic imaging for treatment-relevant information for minimally invasive therapy planning.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study including patients from the VAC database with AVMs was conducted.

Clinical outcomes of a twice daily metronidazole dosing strategy for Bacteroides bloodstream infections.

Objective: The optimal metronidazole dose for the treatment of Bacteroides spp. has not been well-defined.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, retrospective chart review of adult patients with bacteremia secondary to Bacteroides spp.

Parent-child interaction frequency: associations with age, sibling presence, and child health.

Objectives: Parent-child interaction plays a crucial role in child development. This study investigated associations between the frequency of parent-child-interactions and sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, socio-economic status, family structure, number and age of siblings), physical and psychological symptoms in children, and mental health of parents.

Methods: The frequencies of 11 different parent-child interactions (shared reading, singing, moving, painting, building, puzzle, playing ball, role games, language games, number games and talking about problems) were assessed in 739 children aged 2-6.

The impact of cone beam CT on outcomes associated with endodontic access cavity preparation: a controlled human analogue study using 3D-printed first maxillary molars.

Objectives: To identify if supplemental preoperative cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging could improve outcomes related to endodontic access cavity preparation, using 3D-printed maxillary first molars (M1Ms) in a rigorously simulated, controlled human analogue study.

Methods: Eighteen operators with 3 experience-levels took part in 2 simulated clinical sessions, 1 with and 1 without the availability of CBCT imaging, in a randomized order and with an intervening 8-week washout period. Operators attempted the location of all 4 root canals in each of 3 custom-made M1Ms (2 non-complex and 1 complex mesiobuccal [MB] canal anatomy).

Inequality threat increases laypeople's, but not judges', acceptance of algorithmic decision making in court.

Objective: Algorithmic decision making (ADM) takes on increasingly complex tasks in the criminal justice system. Whereas new developments in machine learning could help to improve the quality of judicial decisions, there are legal and ethical concerns that thwart the widespread use of algorithms. Against the backdrop of current efforts to promote the digitization of the German judicial system, this research investigates motivational factors (pragmatic motives, fairness concerns, and self-image-related considerations) that drive or impede the acceptance of ADM in court.

Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and COVID-19 Vaccination in 4 Phase 3 Trials.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines reduce severe disease and mortality and may lessen transmission, measured by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load (VL). Evaluating vaccine associations in VL at COVID-19 diagnosis in 4 phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled vaccine trials, July 2020 to July 2021, VL reductions were 2.78 log10 copies/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.

Does the Primary Tumor Site Drive Biology for Patients With Synovial Sarcoma?

Objective: We evaluated survival outcomes by primary tumor site in synovial sarcoma (SS) patients with localized and metastatic disease at diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 504 SS patients diagnosed from 1974 to 2020. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox-proportional hazards regression were used.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of adult alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients on first-line systemic therapies: A single-institution cohort.

Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, and pediatric alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) prognosis has improved based on cooperative studies. However, in adults, ARMS is significantly rarer, has poorer outcomes, and currently lacks optimal treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of an adult ARMS population with different front-line systemic chemotherapies and determine if any chemotherapy regimen is associated with improved survival.

An easy-to-perform protocol for culturing primary murine lung tumor cells as organoids.

Cancer research involves significant animal consumption and suffering. Tumor cells can be differentiated in vitro into three-dimensional organoids that resemble the primary tumor. In basic cancer research, however, tumor organoids are usually only used alongside animal experiments.

Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase I/II, First-in-Human Trial of TK216: A First-Generation EWS::FLI1 Fusion Protein Antagonist in Ewing Sarcoma.

Purpose: Ewing Sarcoma (ES), a rare cancer with a pathognomonic translocation resulting in the Ewing sarcoma gene (EWS)::FLI1 oncoprotein, has a poor prognosis in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting. Tokalas (TK)216 was designed to bind EWS::FLI1 proteins directly, disrupt protein-protein interactions, and inhibit transcription factor function. TK216 plus vincristine showed synergistic activity in preclinical tumor models.

Carbapenem combination therapy versus standard of care for persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.

Background: Successful use of carbapenems in combination with cefazolin or oxacillin for treatment of MSSA bacteraemia has been described; however, comparative data to standard treatment approaches are lacking.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective study of adult patients with MSSA bacteraemia for >48 h. Standard treatment was considered monotherapy with cefazolin, oxacillin or nafcillin.

Dose-Response Relationship in Patients with Liver Metastases from Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Undergoing Radioembolization with Y Glass Microspheres.

The benefit of multicompartment dosimetry in the radioembolization of neuroendocrine neoplasms is not firmly established. We retrospectively assessed its potential with patient outcome. Forty-three patients were eligible.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Nasopharynx at Time of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Trials.

Importance: SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) in the nasopharynx is difficult to quantify and standardize across settings, but it may inform transmission potential and disease severity.

Objective: To characterize VL at COVID-19 diagnosis among previously uninfected and unvaccinated individuals by evaluating the association of demographic and clinical characteristics, viral variant, and trial with VL, as well as the ability of VL to predict severe disease.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This secondary cross-protocol analysis used individual-level data from placebo recipients from 4 harmonized, phase 3 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy trials sponsored by Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax.

[Perceived utility of the inclusion of physician assistants in the surgical process quality and continuing education in Germany : Results of an interprofessional online survey].

Background: Compared to Anglo-American countries, physician assistants (PA) remain an underrepresented professional group within the German healthcare system. In the surgical disciplines, PAs may relieve the administrative burden of doctors by taking on delegable routine tasks, thus creating time and resources for advanced surgical training.

Objective: According to interprofessional experts, can the use of PA lead to an optimization of surgical training and a gain in time for surgical qualification in Germany?

Material And Methods: After searching for systematic reviews of the current state of knowledge, an online survey was initiated among surgeons and PAs via social networks to determine current and desired clinical areas of activity for PAs in surgery and their future influence on specialist training in Germany.

OrthoRefine: automated enhancement of prior ortholog identification via synteny.

Background: Identifying orthologs continues to be an early and imperative step in genome analysis but remains a challenging problem. While synteny (conservation of gene order) has previously been used independently and in combination with other methods to identify orthologs, applying synteny in ortholog identification has yet to be automated in a user-friendly manner. This desire for automation and ease-of-use led us to develop OrthoRefine, a standalone program that uses synteny to refine ortholog identification.

Enzalutamide induces cytotoxicity in desmoplastic small round cell tumor independent of the androgen receptor.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, pediatric cancer caused by the EWSR1::WT1 fusion protein. DSRCT predominantly occurs in males, which comprise 80-90% of the patient population. While the reason for this male predominance remains unknown, one hypothesis is that the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in DSRCT and elevated testosterone levels in males help drive tumor growth.

Outcomes of Late-Line Systemic Treatment in GIST: Does Sequence Matter?

Ripretinib and avapritinib have demonstrated activity in the late-line treatment of gastrointestinal stomal tumors (GISTs). We investigated whether patients previously treated with ripretinib benefit from avapritinib, and vice versa. Patients diagnosed with metastatic/unresectable GIST and treated with both drugs at two institutions in 2000-2021 were included.

Quantifying how single dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine efficacy depends on Spike sequence features.

In the ENSEMBLE randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (NCT04505722), estimated single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine efficacy (VE) was 56% against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19.

Controlling Monoterpene Isomerization by Guiding Challenging Carbocation Rearrangement Reactions in Engineered Squalene-Hopene Cyclases.

The interconversion of monoterpenes is facilitated by a complex network of carbocation rearrangement pathways. Controlling these isomerization pathways is challenging when using common Brønsted and Lewis acid catalysts, which often produce product mixtures that are difficult to separate. In contrast, natural monoterpene cyclases exhibit high control over the carbocation rearrangement reactions but are reliant on phosphorylated substrates.