5G Positioning: An Analysis of Early Datasets.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are nowadays the prevailing technology for positioning and navigation. However, with the roll-out of 5G technology, there is a shift towards 'hybrid positioning': indeed, 5G time-of-arrival () measurements can provide additional ranging for positioning, especially in environments where few GNSS satellites are visible. This work reports a preliminary analysis, the processing, and the results of field measurements collected as part of the GINTO5G project funded by ESA's EGEP programme.

Positioning with GNSS and 5G: Analysis of Geometric Accuracy in Urban Scenarios.

GNSS positioning in urban scenarios suffers for the scarce visibility of satellites. Integration with 5G services for positioning could improve this situation. In this paper, the digital surface models (DSMs) relevant to different urban scenarios, namely residential streets and urban canyons, are simulated around one observer in northern Italy (Milano) for one day of the year chosen as an example.

Low-Cost GNSS Receivers for Local Monitoring: Experimental Simulation, and Analysis of Displacements.

The geodetic monitoring of local displacements and deformations is often needed for civil engineering structures and natural phenomena like, for example, landslides. A local permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) network can be installed: receiver positions in the interest area are estimated and monitored with respect to reference stations. Usually, GNSS geodetic receivers are adopted and provide results with accuracies at the millimeter level: however, they are very expensive and the initial cost and the risk of damage and loss can discourage this approach.