Validation of Indirect Calorimetry in Children Undergoing Single-Limb Non-Invasive Ventilation: A Proof of Concept, Cross-Over Study.

Background: The accurate assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) is essential for personalized nutrition, particularly in critically ill children. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard for measuring REE. This methodology is based on the measurement of oxygen consumption (VO) and carbon dioxide production (VCO).

Percutaneous cutting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents.

Objective: Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA), the recommended treatment in children with renovascular hypertension (RVH), often has unsatisfactory outcomes. Cutting balloons may improve the results of angioplasty in different vascular beds with complex and resistant lesions. We retrospectively analysed the effects of percutaneous cutting balloon angioplasty (PCBA) on blood pressure, cardiac mass and renal artery acceleration time in children/adolescents referred to our centre for RVH.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in an Italian pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective study.

Background: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a European pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Methods: A total of 451 children who had been mechanically ventilated in the PICU for ≥ 48 hours during a 3-year period were enrolled in this prospective study.

Results: In comparison with children without VAP, 30 children (6.