Cycling Dof Factor 3 mediates light-dependent ascorbate biosynthesis by activating GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase in Rosa roxburghii fruit.

Light plays an important role in determining the L-ascorbate (AsA) pool size in plants, primarily through the transcriptional regulation of AsA metabolism-related genes. However, the specific mechanism of transcriptional induction responsible for light-dependent AsA biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we used a promoter sequence containing light-responsive motifs from GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase 2 (RrGGP2), a key gene involved in AsA overproduction in Rosa roxburghii fruits, to identify participating transcription factors.

The H3K27me3 histone mark correlates with repression of colour and aroma development post-harvest in strawberry fruit.

Strawberry ripening is non-climacteric, and post-harvest fruit enter senescence and deteriorate rapidly. Chilled storage induces transcriptome wide changes in gene expression, including the down-regulation of aroma related genes. Histone marks are associated with transcriptional activation or repression; the H3K27me3 mark is mainly associated with repression of gene expression.

Enhanced removal of antibiotics and heavy metals in aquatic systems using spent mushroom substrate-derived biochar integrated with Herbaspirillum huttiense.

A novel integrated removal strategy was developed to enhance the concurrent elimination of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), oxytetracycline (OTC), and enrofloxacin (ENR) from the aqueous environments. The underlying adsorption mechanisms of spent mushroom substrate (SMSB) and the Herbaspirillum huttiense strain (HHS1), and their efficacy in removing Cu, Zn, OTC, and ENR was also examined. Results showed that the SMSB-HHS1 composite stabilized 29.

Evaluating repellence properties of catnip essential oil against the mosquito species Aedes aegypti using a Y-tube olfactometer.

The mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.) is known to act as a vector in the transmission of various diseases, including dengue fever and yellow fever. The use of insect repellents is one of precautionary measures used to mitigate the risk of these diseases in humans by reducing mosquito biting.

Response characteristics and functional predictions of soil microorganisms to heavy metals, antibiotics, and their resistance genes originating from different animal farms amended with Herbaspirillum huttiense.

Current understanding is limited regarding technologies that use biochar and microorganisms to simultaneously treat soils contaminated with both veterinary antibiotics (VAs) and heavy metals (HMs) from different animal farms. The contributions of the keystone taxa and their similarities from different animal farms under VA and HM stresses before and after soil remediation should be further investigated as well. An innovative treatment of Herbaspirillum huttiense (HHS1) inoculated waste fungus chaff-based (WFCB) biochar was designed for immobilization of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and the removal of oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and a subsequent reduction in their resistance genes in soils from pig, cow, and chicken farms.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Potential Pathogen Resistance in .

( L.) is one of the earliest cultivated crops, valued for producing a broad spectrum of compounds used in medicinal products and being a source of food and fibre. Despite the availability of its genome sequences, few studies explore the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen defense, and the underlying biological pathways are poorly defined in places.

Storage of halved strawberry fruits affects aroma, phytochemical content and gene expression, and is affected by pre-harvest factors.

Introduction: Strawberry fruit are highly valued for their aroma which develops during ripening. However, they have a short shelf-life. Low temperature storage is routinely used to extend shelf-life for transport and storage in the supply chain, however cold storage can also affect fruit aroma.

Gene expression profiling in fruit and overexpressing in tobacco and tomato indicates the key control point of AsA biosynthesis.

Tratt. is an important commercial horticultural crop endemic to China, which is recognized for its extremely high content of L-ascorbic acid (AsA). To understand the mechanisms underlying AsA overproduction in fruit of , content levels, accumulation rate, and the expression of genes putatively in the biosynthesis of AsA during fruit development have been characterized.

From laboratory to industrial storage - Translating volatile organic compounds into markers for assessing garlic storage quality.

Garlic ( L.) has long been grown for its culinary and health-promoting qualities. The seasonal nature of garlic cropping requires that bulbs be stored for many months after harvest to ensure a year-round supply.

Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms in .

Cannabis ( L.), also known as hemp, is one of the oldest cultivated crops, grown for both its use in textile and cordage production, and its unique chemical properties. However, due to the legislation regulating cannabis cultivation, it is not a well characterized crop, especially regarding molecular and genetic pathways.

Genetic Manipulation of Biosynthetic Pathways in Mint.

In recent years, the study of aromatic plants has seen an increase, with great interest from industrial, academic, and pharmaceutical industries. Among plants attracting increased attention are the spp. (mint), members of the Lamiaceae family.

Increasing the Storability of Fresh-Cut Green Beans by Using Chitosan as a Carrier for Tea Tree and Peppermint Essential Oils and Ascorbic Acid.

The quality of fresh-cut green beans deteriorates rapidly in storage, which contributes to increased food waste and lower perceived customer value. However, chitosan (Cs) and certain plant essential oils show promise in reducing postharvest quality loss during storage. Here, the effect of Cs and the combinations of Cs + tea tree oil (TTO), Cs +x peppermint oil (PMO), and Cs + ascorbic acid (AsA) on the quality of fresh-cut green bean pods (FC-GB) is studied over a 15-d storage period at 5 °C.

C-H functionalisation tolerant to polar groups could transform fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD).

We have analysed 131 fragment-to-lead (F2L) examples targeting a wide variety of protein families published by academic and industrial laboratories between 2015-2019. Our assessment of X-ray structural data identifies the most common polar functional groups involved in fragment-protein binding are: N-H (hydrogen bond donors on aromatic and aliphatic N-H, amides and anilines; totalling 35%), aromatic nitrogen atoms (hydrogen bond acceptors; totalling 23%), and carbonyl oxygen group atoms (hydrogen bond acceptors on amides, ureas and ketones; totalling 22%). Furthermore, the elaboration of each fragment into its corresponding lead is analysed to identify the nominal synthetic growth vectors.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes and Their Response to Abiotic Stress in Rose ().

Dof (DNA binding with one finger) proteins play important roles in plant development and defense regulatory networks. In the present study, we report a genome-wide analysis of rose genes (), including phylogenetic inferences, gene structures, chromosomal locations, gene duplications, and expression diversity. A total of 24 full-length genes were identified in , which were assigned to nine distinct subgroups.

Practical High-Quality Electrostatic Potential Surfaces for Drug Discovery Using a Graph-Convolutional Deep Neural Network.

Inspecting protein and ligand electrostatic potential (ESP) surfaces in order to optimize electrostatic complementarity is a key activity in drug design. These ESP surfaces need to reflect the true electrostatic nature of the molecules, which typically means time-consuming high-level quantum mechanics (QM) calculations are required. For interactive design much faster alternative methods are required.

Crystallographic screening using ultra-low-molecular-weight ligands to guide drug design.

We present a novel crystallographic screening methodology (MiniFrags) that employs high-concentration aqueous soaks with a chemically diverse and ultra-low-molecular-weight library (heavy atom count 5-7) to identify ligand-binding hot and warm spots on proteins. We propose that MiniFrag screening represents a highly effective method for guiding optimisation of fragment-derived lead compounds or chemical tools and that the high screening hit rates reflect enhanced sampling of chemical space.

Predicting "Hot" and "Warm" Spots for Fragment Binding.

Computational fragment mapping methods aim to predict hotspots on protein surfaces where small fragments will bind. Such methods are popular for druggability assessment as well as structure-based design. However, to date researchers developing or using such tools have had no clear way of assessing the performance of these methods.

Protein-Ligand Informatics Force Field (PLIff): Toward a Fully Knowledge Driven "Force Field" for Biomolecular Interactions.

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) contains a wealth of data on nonbonded biomolecular interactions. If this information could be distilled down to nonbonded interaction potentials, these would have some key advantages over standard force fields. However, there are some important outstanding issues to address in order to do this successfully.

Detection of secondary binding sites in proteins using fragment screening.

Proteins need to be tightly regulated as they control biological processes in most normal cellular functions. The precise mechanisms of regulation are rarely completely understood but can involve binding of endogenous ligands and/or partner proteins at specific locations on a protein that can modulate function. Often, these additional secondary binding sites appear separate to the primary binding site, which, for example for an enzyme, may bind a substrate.

A "dial-a-receptor" dynamic combinatorial library.

Making receptors to order: A small dynamic combinatorial library (DCL), formed from two dithiols in water, provides a continuous range of six receptors of different sizes. The majority of the 30 tested amines and ammonium ions amplified receptors from this library, thus spanning the complete receptor-size range and showing that this DCL provides a generic platform for the development of receptors for this important class of compounds.

Confocal microscopy on the Internet.

In a few short years, the Internet (in terms of the World Wide Web) has become a powerful informational resource for the original scientific literature pertaining to biological investigations using the laser scanning confocal microscope. However, there still remains an obvious void in the development of educational Web sites targeted at beginning students and novices in the field. Furthermore, many of the commercial aftermarket manufacturers (for example, those offering live-cell imaging chambers) have Web sites that are not adequately represented in published compilations, and are therefore somewhat difficult to locate.

A synthetic receptor for nicotine from a dynamic combinatorial library.

Designing synthetic receptors that bind biologically relevant guests in an aqueous solution remains a considerable challenge. We now report a new synthetic receptor for nicotine, selected from a dynamic combinatorial library, that binds this guest in water at neutral pH through a combination of hydrophobic and π-π interactions.

Bicistronic lentiviruses containing a viral 2A cleavage sequence reliably co-express two proteins and restore vision to an animal model of LCA1.

The disease processes underlying inherited retinal disease are complex and are not completely understood. Many of the corrective gene therapies designed to treat diseases linked to mutations in genes specifically expressed in photoreceptor cells restore function to these cells but fail to stop progression of the disease. There is growing consensus that effective treatments for these diseases will require delivery of multiple therapeutic proteins that will be selected to treat specific aspects of the disease process.