Towards Marker-Assisted Breeding for Black Rot Bunch Resistance: Identification of a Major QTL in the Grapevine Cultivar 'Merzling'.

Black rot (BR), caused by , is an emergent fungal disease threatening viticulture and affecting several mildew-tolerant varieties. However, its genetic bases are not fully dissected yet. For this purpose, a segregating population derived from the cross 'Merzling' (hybrid, resistant) × 'Teroldego' (, susceptible) was evaluated for BR resistance at the shoot and bunch level.

A 69 kbp Deletion at the Berry Color Locus Is Responsible for Berry Color Recovery in L. Cultivar 'Riesling Rot'.

'Riesling Weiss' is a white grapevine variety famous worldwide for fruity wines with higher acidity. Hardly known is 'Riesling Rot', a red-berried variant of 'Riesling Weiss' that disappeared from commercial cultivation but has increased in awareness in the last decades. The question arises of which variant, white or red, is the original and, consequently, which cultivar is the true ancestor.

Transcriptomic analysis of temporal shifts in berry development between two grapevine cultivars of the Pinot family reveals potential genes controlling ripening time.

Background: Grapevine cultivars of the Pinot family represent clonally propagated mutants with major phenotypic and physiological differences, such as different colour or shifted ripening time, as well as changes in important viticultural traits. Specifically, the cultivars 'Pinot Noir' (PN) and 'Pinot Noir Precoce' (PNP, early ripening) flower at the same time, but vary in the beginning of berry ripening (veraison) and, consequently, harvest time. In addition to genotype, seasonal climatic conditions (i.

RNA-Seq Time Series of Bud Development Reveals Correlation of Expression Patterns with the Local Temperature Profile.

Plants display sophisticated mechanisms to tolerate challenging environmental conditions and need to manage their ontogenesis in parallel. Here, we set out to generate an RNA-Seq time series dataset throughout grapevine () early bud development. The expression of the developmental regulator served as an indicator of the progression of development.

Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of .

Grapevine () teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood.

Genome Sequences of Both Organelles of the Grapevine Rootstock Cultivar 'Börner'.

Genomic long reads of the interspecific grapevine rootstock cultivar 'Börner' ( GM183 × Arnold) were used to assemble its chloroplast and mitochondrion genome sequences. We annotated 133 chloroplast and 172 mitochondrial genes, including the RNA editing sites. The organelle genomes in 'Börner' were maternally inherited from .

A Partially Phase-Separated Genome Sequence Assembly of the Rootstock 'Börner' ( × ) and Its Exploitation for Marker Development and Targeted Mapping.

Grapevine breeding has become highly relevant due to upcoming challenges like climate change, a decrease in the number of available fungicides, increasing public concern about plant protection, and the demand for a sustainable production. Downy mildew caused by is one of the most devastating diseases worldwide of cultivated . In modern breeding programs, therefore, genetic marker technologies and genomic data are used to develop new cultivars with defined and stacked resistance loci.

Emergent Ascomycetes in Viticulture: An Interdisciplinary Overview.

The reduction of pesticide usage is a current imperative and the implementation of sustainable viticulture is an urgent necessity. A potential solution, which is being increasingly adopted, is offered by the use of grapevine cultivars resistant to its main pathogenic threats. This, however, has contributed to changes in defense strategies resulting in the occurrence of secondary diseases, which were previously controlled.

Characterization of genes and alleles involved in the control of flowering time in grapevine.

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most important perennial crop plants in worldwide. Understanding of developmental processes like flowering, which impact quality and quantity of yield in this species is therefore of high interest. This gets even more important when considering some of the expected consequences of climate change.

Quantitative trait loci affecting pathogen resistance and ripening of grapevines.

Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) form the basis of viticulture, and are susceptible to diseases such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator). Therefore, successful viticulture programs require the use of pesticides.

QTL analysis of flowering time and ripening traits suggests an impact of a genomic region on linkage group 1 in Vitis.

In the recent past, genetic analyses of grapevine focused mainly on the identification of resistance loci for major diseases such as powdery and downy mildew. Currently, breeding programs make intensive use of these results by applying molecular markers linked to the resistance traits. However, modern genetics also allows to address additional agronomic traits that have considerable impact on the selection of grapevine cultivars.

QTL mapping of black rot (Guignardia bidwellii) resistance in the grapevine rootstock 'Börner' (V. riparia Gm183 × V. cinerea Arnold).

In the grapevine cultivar 'Börner' QTLs for black rot resistance were detected consistently in several independent experiments. For one QTL on chromosome 14 closely linked markers were developed and a detailed map provided. Black rot is a serious grapevine disease that causes substantial yield loss under unfavourable conditions.

Candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in Vitis.

Wild Vitis species are dioecious plants, while the cultivated counterpart, Vitis vinifera subspec. vinifera, generally shows hermaphroditic flowers. In Vitis the genetic determinants of flower sex have previously been mapped to a region on chromosome 2.

Rpv10: a new locus from the Asian Vitis gene pool for pyramiding downy mildew resistance loci in grapevine.

A population derived from a cross between grapevine breeding strain Gf.Ga-52-42 and cultivar 'Solaris' consisting of 265 F1-individuals was genetically mapped using SSR markers and screened for downy mildew resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed two strong QTLs on linkage groups (LGs) 18 and 09.

Evaluation of pollen dispersal and cross pollination using transgenic grapevine plants.

Public debate about the possible risk of genetically modified plants often concerns putative effects of pollen dispersal and out-crossing into conventional fields in the neighborhood of transgenic plants. Though Vitis vinifera (grapevine) is generally considered to be self-pollinating, it cannot be excluded that vertical gene transfer might occur. For monitoring pollen flow and out-crossing events, transgenic plants of Vitis vinifera cv.

A framework map from grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera 'Schiava grossa' x 'Riesling') x rootstock cultivar 'Börner' (Vitis riparia x Vitis cinerea) to localize genetic determinants of phylloxera root resistance.

Grapevine rootstock cultivar 'Börner' is a hybrid of Vitis riparia and Vitis cinerea Arnold that shows high resistance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). To localize the determinants of phylloxera root resistance, the susceptible grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera 'Schiava grossa' x 'Riesling') was crossed to 'Börner'. Genetic framework maps were built from the progeny.

A double mutation in the anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene disrupts enzymatic activity in Vitis vinifera L.

The inability of most European grapevines ( Vitis vinifera ) to produce 3,5-di-O-glucosides of anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosides while in other Vitis species diglucosides are found has long been used as a diagnostic tool for the classification of wines according to their varietal origin. A functional 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) gene and its nonfunctional allele were recently cloned from the heterozygous hybrid cultivar 'Regent'. Protein sequence comparison revealed only five amino acid substitutions and a truncation at the C-terminus in the inactive enzyme.