The Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis of Wave 1 Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 Data.

Objectives: To explore the strength of the association between cognitive functioning and depression and anxiety in older people without dementia.

Methods: An exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of Wave 1 (2004-2007) data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 dataset. Three subgroups were based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) subscales: no probable anxiety or depression (N = 592), probable anxiety no depression (N = 122), probable depression with/without anxiety (depression) (N = 30).

A call for caution when using network methods to study multimorbidity: an illustration using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objectives: To examine the impact of two key choices when conducting a network analysis (clustering methods and measure of association) on the number and type of multimorbidity clusters.

Study Design And Setting: Using cross-sectional self-reported data on 24 diseases from 30,097 community-living adults aged 45-85 from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we conducted network analyses using 5 clustering methods and 11 association measures commonly used in multimorbidity studies. We compared the similarity among clusters using the adjusted Rand index (ARI); an ARI of 0 is equivalent to the diseases being randomly assigned to clusters, and 1 indicates perfect agreement.

Breaking down barriers: promoting journals beyond the page with open access journal clubs.

In 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, the () established a series of free online teaching sessions called Journal Clubs. Their educational purpose is two-fold: (a) to provide junior psychiatrists with a friendly but large-scale platform to evaluate and critically appraise recent articles published in the and (b) to present new research findings in an open and accessible manner. In this paper, we discuss our framework, the challenges we encountered, how the original model is evolving based on feedback from trainees, and tips for success when delivering international online journal clubs.

An Exploration of Methods to Resolve Inconsistent Self-Reporting of Chronic Conditions and Impact on Multimorbidity in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.

Objectives: To quantify inconsistent self-reporting of chronic conditions between the baseline (2011-2015) and first follow-up surveys (2015-2018) in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), and to explore methods to resolve inconsistent responses and impact on multimorbidity.

Methods: Community-dwelling adults aged 45-85 years in the baseline and first follow-up surveys were included ( = 45,184). At each survey, participants self-reported whether they ever had a physician diagnosis of 35 chronic conditions.

Life-Course Brain Health as a Determinant of Late-Life Mental Health: American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry Expert Panel Recommendations.

This position statement of the Expert Panel on Brain Health of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) emphasizes the critical role of life course brain health in shaping mental well-being during the later stages of life. Evidence posits that maintaining optimal brain health earlier in life is crucial for preventing and managing brain aging-related disorders such as dementia/cognitive decline, depression, stroke, and anxiety. We advocate for a holistic approach that integrates medical, psychological, and social frameworks with culturally tailored interventions across the lifespan to promote brain health and overall mental well-being in aging adults across all communities.

Authenticity and brain health: a values-based perspective and cultural education approach.

This perspective paper discusses the concept of authenticity in relation to brain health and neurodegenerative diseases. We define authenticity as being true to oneself and consider it a social value of relevance to neuroscientists, clinicians, and caregivers. From a biological perspective, behaviors that can be interpreted as expressions of authenticity are produced by distributed brain networks.

Identifying dementia using medical data linkage in a longitudinal cohort study: Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.

Background: The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) is a longitudinal study of ageing with well-characterised assessments, but until now, it has relied on self-report or proxies for dementia such as cognitive tests. Our aims were twofold: a) to describe a framework for identifying dementia in a cohort study. b) to report the age-specific incidence and prevalence of all-cause dementia and dementia subtypes in 865 individuals in the LBC1936.

Socioeconomic status as a risk factor for motoric cognitive risk syndrome in a community-dwelling population: A longitudinal observational study.

Background: Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) is a syndrome characterised by measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints. MCR is a high-risk state for adverse health outcomes in older adults, particularly cognitive impairment and dementia. Previous studies have identified risk factors for MCR, but the effect of socioeconomic status has, to date, been insufficiently examined.

Frailty trajectories and associated factors in the years prior to death: evidence from 14 countries in the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe.

Background: Age-related changes in frailty have been documented in the literature. However, the evidence regarding changes in frailty prior to death is scarce. Understanding patterns of frailty progression as individuals approach death could inform care and potentially lead to interventions to improve individual's well-being at the end of life.

Prevalence and predictors of Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome in a community-dwelling older Scottish population: A longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) is a gait-based predementia syndrome that is easy to measure and prognostic of dementia and falls. We aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for MCR, and assess its overlap with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Prefrailty, and Frailty, in a cohort of older Scottish adults without dementia.

Methods: In this longitudinal prospective study, we classified 690 participants (mean [SD] age 76.

Cognitive Dispersion Predicts Grip Strength Trajectories in Men but not Women in a Sample of the Oldest Old Without Dementia.

Background And Objectives: Grip strength is a reliable marker of biological vitality and it typically demonstrates an expected decline in older adults. According to the common-cause hypothesis, there is also a significant association between cognitive and physical function in older adults. Some specific cognitive functions have been shown to be associated with grip strength trajectories with most research solely focused on cutoff points or mean cognitive performance.

Comparisons of disease cluster patterns, prevalence and health factors in the USA, Canada, England and Ireland.

Background: Identification of those who are most at risk of developing specific patterns of disease across different populations is required for directing public health policy. Here, we contrast prevalence and patterns of cross-national disease incidence, co-occurrence and related risk factors across population samples from the U.S.

Prevalence of multimorbidity and its impact on survival in people with motor neuron disease.

Background And Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity in people with motor neuron disease (MND) and to identify whether specific patterns of multimorbidity impact survival beyond age alone.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Scottish national MND register from 1 January 2015 to 29 October 2019. People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary lateral sclerosis, progressive muscular atrophy, or progressive bulbar palsy were included.

Associations between midlife chronic conditions and medication use with anxiety and depression: A cross-sectional analysis of the PREVENT Dementia study.

Background: Multimorbidity including physical and mental illness is increasing in prevalence. We aimed to investigate the associations between physical conditions and medication use with anxiety and depression in midlife.

Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study of volunteers in the PREVENT Dementia study.

Measuring multimorbidity beyond counting diseases: systematic review of community and population studies and guide to index choice.

Objectives: To identify and summarise existing indices for measuring multimorbidity beyond disease counts, to establish which indices include mental health comorbidities or outcomes, and to develop recommendations based on applicability, performance, and usage.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: Seven medical research databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus) from inception to October 2018 and bibliographies and citations of relevant papers.

Incidental Findings Identified on Head MRI for Investigation of Cognitive Impairment: A Retrospective Review.

Introduction: Incidental findings are common in presumed healthy volunteers but are infrequently studied in patients in a clinical context.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, nature, and management implications of incidental findings on head MRI in patients presenting with cognitive symptoms, and to quantify and describe unexpected MRI abnormalities that are of uncertain relevance to the patient's cognitive symptoms.

Methods: A single-centre retrospective review of patients attending a regional early-onset cognitive disorders clinic between March 2012 and October 2018.

Associations Between Multimorbidity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) V500.0 Cohort.

Background: Multimorbidity (the co-occurrence of multiple chronic conditions) is increasingly common, especially among people with dementia. Few neuroimaging studies have explored amyloid biomarkers in people with multimorbidity.

Objective: We aimed to conduct the first study of the association between multimorbidity and cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β42 (CSF Aβ).

Venous thromboembolism risk in psychiatric in-patients: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

Aims and methodWe assessed venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, barriers to prescribing VTE prophylaxis and completion of VTE risk assessment in psychiatric in-patients. This was a cross-sectional study conducted across three centres. We used the UK Department of Health VTE risk assessment tool which had been adapted for psychiatric patients.

Lifestyle and neurodegeneration in midlife as expressed on functional magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review.

Introduction: Lifestyle factors may influence brain health in midlife. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a widely used tool to investigate early changes in brain health, including neurodegeneration. In this systematic review, we evaluate the relationship between lifestyle factors and neurodegeneration in midlife, as expressed using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Passive smoking as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive impairment: systematic review of observational studies.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACTBackground:Smoking is a well-established risk factor for dementia, but the effects of passive smoking are unclear. We aimed to examine links between passive smoking and dementia or cognitive impairment.

Methods: We searched seven medical research databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection), Cochrane, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus.

Recruitment of South Asians into asthma research: qualitative study of UK and US researchers.

Background: There is increasing international concern about the persistent under-representation of ethnic minority patients in research.

Aims: We aimed to explore strategies being employed by US and UK researchers when attempting to recruit minority ethnic participants into research with a view to increasing participation by South Asians in UK asthma research.

Methods: Qualitative interviews with 36 asthma-interested researchers.