The wind in the willows effect: Does age affect human versus animal faux pas recognition?

Children's literature is rife with anthropomorphic or non-human characters that may be used as a scaffold to teach children about theory of mind (ToM) or the ways in which people think or feel about the social world. In this study, 107 typically developing U.K.

Improving the reading ease of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self Report (QIDS-SR): Development and psychometric properties of an 'Accessible English' version.

Self-report questionnaires are commonly used in depression research with little consideration of their reading ease. This study aimed to increase the reading ease of the commonly-used Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms Self Report (QIDS-SR) and assess the impact of the change in wording on the measure's psychometric properties. The study had three phases: 1) Flesh-Kincaid readability statistics of the original and modified wording were compared; 2) a sample of n = 95 participants rated the modified wording for perceived change in meaning and ease of understanding; 3) a second sample of n = 136 participants completed two versions of the QIDS-SR (original, modified, or one of each) alongside the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Young people in iNaturalist: a blended learning framework for biodiversity monitoring.

Participation in authentic research in the field and online through Community and Citizen Science (CCS) has shown to bring learning benefits to volunteers. In online CCS, available platforms present distinct features, ranging from scaffolding the process of data collection, to supporting data analysis and enabling volunteers to initiate their own studies. What is yet not well understood is how best to design CCS programmes that are educational, inclusive, and accessible by diverse volunteers, including young people and those with limited prior science experiences who are rather few in CCS.

An updated analysis of safety climate and downstream outcomes in two convenience samples of U.S. fire departments (FOCUS 1.0 and 2.0 survey waves).

Background: The Fire service Organizational Culture of Safety (FOCUS) survey is an assessment tool comprised of psychometrically validated metrics of safety climate, safety behavior, and downstream outcomes (organizational and injury) that are specific to the U.S. fire and rescue service.

Partners' Experiences of Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.

This systematic review of qualitative studies synthesised evidence on the experience chronic pain from the perspective of romantic partners. Medline via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, APA PsycInfo via Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies exploring the impact of chronic pain from partners' perspectives using qualitative data collection methods were eligible for inclusion.

Associations Between Adult Attachment, Pain Catastrophizing, Psychological Inflexibility and Disability in Adults with Chronic Pain.

We investigated whether attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) moderated the association between satisfaction with social support and pain disability. We also tested whether the relationship between insecure attachment and pain disability was serially mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility. A large-scale cross-sectional correlational design was employed.

Do respiratory virus infections modify associations of asthma exacerbation with aeroallergens or fine particulate matter? A time series study in Philadelphia PA.

Respiratory virus infections are related to over 80% of childhood asthma exacerbations. They enhance pro-inflammatory mediator release, especially for sensitized individuals exposed to pollens/molds. Using a time-series study design, we investigated possible effect modification by respiratory virus infections of the associations between aeroallergens/PM and asthma exacerbation rates.

The SDS22:PP1:I3 complex: SDS22 binding to PP1 loosens the active site metal to prime metal exchange.

SDS22 and Inhibitor-3 (I3) are two ancient regulators of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) that regulate multiple essential biological processes. Both SDS22 and I3 form stable dimeric complexes with PP1; however, and atypically for PP1 regulators, they also form a triple complex, where both proteins bind to PP1 simultaneously (SPI complex). Here we report the crystal structure of the SPI complex.

Disentangling impacts of multiple pollutants on acute cardiovascular events in New York city: A case-crossover analysis.

Background: Ambient air pollution contributes to an estimated 6.67 million deaths annually, and has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death. Short-term increases in air pollution have been associated with increased risk of CVD event, though relatively few studies have directly compared effects of multiple pollutants using fine-scale spatio-temporal data, thoroughly adjusting for co-pollutants and temperature, in an exhaustive citywide hospitals dataset, towards identifying key pollution sources within the urban environment to most reduce, and reduce disparities in, the leading cause of death worldwide.

'That's someone's grandma': Teaching person-centred care in a frailty context.

Background: The ability to provide person-centred care (PCC) is an essential skill for doctors and requires therapeutic empathy. We sought to evaluate a novel teaching approach to understand how medical students' personal reflections on an older person impact their views about PCC and frailty.

Approach: We designed a teaching session where students prepared an image and story about an older person they knew.

A participatory approach to designing and implementing an occupational health intervention for the nail salon community in the Greater Philadelphia region.

Background: The nail salon industry in the US comprises mostly immigrant-owned, small mom-and-pop salons that employ primarily first-generation immigrant workers from Asia. Because of the cultural and language barriers, both owners and workers may not avail themselves of the occupational safety resources. We formed an academic-community partnership to co-design a feasibility study and multi-level occupational health intervention for Vietnamese-speaking salon owners, workers, and community-based organization.

Obesity Weight Loss Phenotypes in CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.

Introduction: Although people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and obesity have important motivations to lose weight, weight loss is also associated with health risks. We examined whether patterns of change in systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum albumin level, and fat-free mass (FFM) can help to differentiate between healthy and high-risk weight loss in this population.

Methods: Using data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study (CRIC), we estimated a joint multivariate latent class model with 6 classes to identify distinct trajectories of body mass index (BMI), albumin, and SBP among participants with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m at baseline), accounting for informative missingness from death.

Evaluation of evidence for interaction between PM2.5 and aeroallergens on childhood asthma exacerbation in Philadelphia, PA, 2011 to 2016.

Fine particulate matter (PM) and aeroallergens (i.e., pollen, molds) are known triggers of asthma exacerbation.

CBT for difficult-to-treat depression: self-regulation model.

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression but a significant minority of clients do not complete therapy, do not respond to it, or subsequently relapse. Non-responders, and those at risk of relapse, are more likely to have adverse childhood experiences, early-onset depression, co-morbidities, interpersonal problems and heightened risk. This is a heterogeneous group of clients who are currently difficult to treat.

Identity construction in the very old: A qualitative narrative study.

People are living longer internationally, with a growing number experiencing very old age (≥95 years). Physical, psychological and social changes can challenge one's sense of self and disrupt existing identities. However, experiences of the very old in society are seldom researched and how they construct identity and negotiate a sense of self is little understood.

Examining youth participation in ongoing community and citizen science programs in 3 different out-of-school settings.

We investigated youth participation in three Community and Citizen Science (CCS) programs led by natural history museums in out-of-school settings. Using second generation Activity Theory, we looked at repeated participation over time, collecting and then qualitatively analyzing ethnographic fieldnote observations on focal youth participation and components of the activity systems. We found each program provided multiple and unique access points for youth to participate in environmental science.

Is There Enough Evidence to Support the Role of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection?-A Systematic Review.

Altered proteoglycan (PG) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution within the aortic wall has been implicated in thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD). This review was conducted to identify literature reporting the presence, distribution and role of PGs and GAGs in the normal aorta and differences associated with sporadic TAAD to address the question; is there enough evidence to establish the role of GAGs/PGs in TAAD? 75 studies were included, divided into normal aorta ( = 51) and TAAD ( = 24). There is contradictory data regarding changes in GAGs upon ageing; most studies reported an increase in GAG sub-types, often followed by a decrease upon further ageing.

How Do Young Community and Citizen Science Volunteers Support Scientific Research on Biodiversity? The Case of iNaturalist.

Online community and citizen science (CCS) projects have broadened access to scientific research and enabled different forms of participation in biodiversity research; however, little is known about whether and how such opportunities are taken up by young people (aged 5-19). Furthermore, when they do participate, there is little research on whether their online activity makes a tangible contribution to scientific research. We addressed these knowledge gaps using quantitative analytical approaches and visualisations to investigate 249 youths' contributions to CCS on the iNaturalist platform, and the potential for the scientific use of their contributions.

Online Community and Citizen Science supports environmental science learning by young people.

Community and citizen science in online settings could be seen as a means for young people to engage with and contribute to authentic science. Yet, there is a limited understanding of who takes part in citizen science among young people, what they learn, and through which processes, particularly in online settings. In this exploratory study, we analysed 34 in-depth interviews and log files of young people aged 11-19 years old who took part in citizen science projects, hosted on the Zooniverse platform.

Gallbladder Disease and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: A Women's Health Initiative Study.

Studies have suggested that adults with gallbladder disease have increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This prospective cohort study assessed the risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women with gallbladder disease. Data from women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 to 2005, aged 50-79 years (mean = 63.

Assessment of cerebral oxygenation response to hemodialysis using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS): Challenges and solutions.

To date, the clinical use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect cerebral ischemia has been largely limited to surgical settings, where motion artifacts are minimal. In this study, we present novel techniques to address the challenges of using NIRS to monitor ambulatory patients with kidney disease during approximately eight hours of hemodialysis (HD) treatment. People with end-stage kidney disease who require HD are at higher risk for cognitive impairment and dementia than age-matched controls.

Surveillance and laboratory collaboration in response to an outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Aeromonas hydrophila in Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana: a case series.

Background: The detection of epidemic-prone pathogens is important in strengthening global health security. Effective public health laboratories are critical for reliable, accurate, and timely testing results in outbreak situations. Ghana received funding as one of the high-risk non-Ebola affected countries to build and strengthen public health infrastructure to meet International Health Regulation core capacities.