The ergonomics of laparoscopic surgery: a quantitative study of the time and motion of laparoscopic surgeons in live surgical environments.

Background: Laparoscopic surgery presents multiple ergonomic difficulties for the surgeon, requiring awkward body postures and prolonged static muscle loading that increases risk of musculoskeletal strain and injury. This prospective study quantitatively measures the biomechanical movements of surgeons during laparoscopic procedures to determine at-risk movements from prolonged static muscle loading and repetitive motions that may lead to injury.

Methods: A total of 150 video recordings of 18 surgeons, standing at the patient's left, were captured from three fixed camera positions during live gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Myobacterium bovis peri-prosthetic hip infection with successful prosthesis retention following intravesical BCG therapy for bladder carcinoma.

Systemic dissemination and peri-prosthetic infection of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) following intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy presents a rare but significant complication of treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. We present a patient with Mycobacterium bovis infection of a prosthetic hip nine months following BCG therapy for bladder cancer.

A feasibility study determining surgical ergonomics in a live surgical setting.

Study Objective: To identify the biomechanical movements of laparoscopic surgeons during laparoscopic gynecologic procedures, and to determine whether such movements can be assessed and measured both temporally and biomechanically.

Design: Prospective descriptive kinematic study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3).

Setting: A tertiary referral hospital in Sydney, Australia.