Antibiotic prescribing intensity and community UTI resistance: a cross-sectional ecological study.

Background: Antibiotic overuse is associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is unclear whether community AMR is driven by overall antibiotic use or by high levels of repeated (intense) use by individual patients.

Aim: To determine the association between high antibiotic prescribing intensity (all antibiotic prescriptions; any indication), and rates of UTI resistance among patients within small communities.

Association between antibiotics and gut microbiome dysbiosis in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Antibiotics in childhood have been linked with diseases including asthma, juvenile arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Crohn's disease and mental illness. The underlying mechanisms are thought related to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. We conducted a systematic review of the association between antibiotics and disruption of the pediatric gut microbiome.

Blood eosinophil count, a marker of inhaled corticosteroid effectiveness in preventing COPD exacerbations in post-hoc RCT and observational studies: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Blood eosinophil count has been proposed as a predictor of response to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in the prevention of acute exacerbations of COPD. An optimal threshold of blood eosinophil count for prescribing ICS has not been agreed. Doubt has been cast on the role by observational studies.

Association between prior antibiotic therapy and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections: a systematic review.

Background: Antibiotic use can have negative unintended consequences including disruption of the human microbiota, which is thought to protect against pathogen overgrowth. We conducted a systematic review to assess whether there is an association between exposure to antibiotics and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies published before 30 June 2017, examining the association between antibiotic use and subsequent community-acquired infection.

National disparities in the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in Europe: an observational study in 29 countries.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in invasive infections is driven mainly by human antimicrobial consumption. Limited cross-national comparative evidence exists about variation in antimicrobial consumption and effect on resistance.

Methods: We examined the relationship between national community antimicrobial consumption rates (2013) and national hospital antimicrobial resistance rates (2014) across 29 countries in the European Economic Area (EEA).

Pulmonary rehabilitation and sleep quality: a before and after controlled study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Poor sleep quality is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is associated with poor quality of life. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) improves quality of life, exercise capacity, and anxiety and depression.