"I can see a path forward now": a qualitative investigation of online groups for tinnitus in the time of Covid-19.

Objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic led the British Tinnitus Association to offer more online support to people with tinnitus. The aim of this study was to understand how low-intensity group-based digital interventions could benefit people with tinnitus.

Design: Semi-structured interviews explored participants' experiences and views on receiving support via an online group.

Evaluation of a Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Objectives: There is a great deal of variation in the extent to which people with tinnitus find it distressing, which cannot be explained solely by differences in perceived loudness. The Cognitive Behavioral Model of Tinnitus Distress proposes that tinnitus becomes and is maintained as a distressing problem due to a process of interaction between negative thoughts, negative emotions, attention and monitoring, safety behavior, and beliefs. This study used path analysis to assess how well different configurations of this model fit using questionnaire data obtained from people with tinnitus.

Online Data Collection to Evaluate a Theoretical Cognitive Model of Tinnitus.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe data collection considerations, methods, and response rates for a survey available both online and on paper. Methodological issues in the design of online data collection, and advantages and disadvantages of different data collection methods are discussed.

Method: A survey was compiled that included 9 full or partial clinical questionnaires designed to measure different components relevant to tinnitus distress.

Positive and Negative Thinking in Tinnitus: Factor Structure of the Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire.

Objectives: Researchers and clinicians consider thinking to be important in the development and maintenance of tinnitus distress, and altering thoughts or thinking style is an object of many forms of psychological therapy for tinnitus. Those working with people with tinnitus require a reliable, psychometrically robust means of measuring both positive and negative thinking related to it. The Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire (TCQ) was designed as such a measure and its authors showed it to be reliable, with good psychometric properties.

A scientific cognitive-behavioral model of tinnitus: novel conceptualizations of tinnitus distress.

The importance of psychological factors in tinnitus distress has been formally recognized for almost three decades. The psychological understanding of why tinnitus can be a distressing condition posits that it becomes problematic when it acquires an emotive significance through cognitive processes. Principle therapeutic efforts are directed at reducing or removing the cognitive (and behavioral) obstacles to habituation.

Analysis of responses to individual items on the tinnitus handicap inventory according to severity of tinnitus handicap.

Purpose: To investigate whether certain aspects of tinnitus tend to trouble people even when they are not severely affected by tinnitus in many ways.

Method: A total of 274 patients who had requested a tinnitus clinic appointment were divided into 4 categories depending on their Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores: no handicap (0-16), mild handicap (18-36), moderate handicap (38-56), or severe handicap (58-100). Mean scores for each of the 25 items on the questionnaire were calculated and compared within each group and between the 4 groups.