The effects of perceived stress on biological parameters in healthcare professionals: A systematic review.

We synthesised evidence on biological correlates of psychological stress in hospital-based healthcare professionals, and examined whether there was evidence of consistent biological changes. Electronic databases were searched for empirical studies; 16 articles (0.6%) met the inclusion criteria.

Implementation of routine biochemical validation and an 'opt out' referral pathway for smoking cessation in pregnancy.

Aims: To introduce an 'opt out' referral pathway for smoking cessation in pregnancy and to compare different methods for identifying pregnant smokers in maternity care.

Design: Pilot study that analysed routine data from maternity and smoking cessation services with biochemical validation of smoking status.

Setting: Dudley and South Birmingham, England.

Evaluation of a programme to increase referrals to stop-smoking services using Children's Centres and smoke-free families schemes.

Aims: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a new service using referral liaison advisers to increase the number of referrals of parents/carers at selected Children's Centres to National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSS) and/or smoke-free families schemes (SFS).

Design: This mixed-methods pilot study collected numerical data on indicators of smoking behaviours and carried out face-to-face and telephone interviews.

Settings: Thirteen Children's Centres in Liverpool and Nottingham using local providers of smoking cessation services, from September 2010 to April 2011.

Quit attempts in response to smoke-free legislation in England.

Objectives: To determine whether England's smoke-free legislation, introduced on 1 July 2007, influenced intentions and attempts to stop smoking.

Design And Setting: National household surveys conducted in England between January 2007 and December 2008. The sample was weighted to match census data on demographics and included 10 560 adults aged 16 or over who reported having smoked within the past year.

Improving access to smoking cessation services for disadvantaged groups: a systematic review.

Background: Smoking is a main contributor to health inequalities. Identifying strategies to find and support smokers from disadvantaged groups is, therefore, of key importance.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out of studies identifying and supporting smokers from disadvantaged groups for smoking cessation, and providing and improving their access to smoking-cessation services.