Breast Cancer Among Transgender and Nonbinary Patients: Paradigms for Improving Data Collection and Inclusion in Breast Imaging Settings.

Breast cancer incidence among transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals is not well characterized owing to the absence of robust data collection among this patient population. Consequently, breast cancer risks are largely unknown, and screening guidelines are not based on robust evidence. Additionally, TGNB patients experience barriers to access health care.

Spontaneous Angiolipoma in Autologous Flap Reconstruction.

Breast cancer recurrence after autologous flap reconstruction is rare and typically occurs at the contact zone between the flap and the native tissue. When a new lesion is found in a reconstructed breast without the characteristic appearance of benign entities such as fat necrosis, definitive tissue diagnosis is often warranted to rule out recurrence or metastasis. Angiolipomas are rare, benign lipomatous tumors that have nonspecific imaging appearances and are thus frequently biopsied or excised for definitive diagnosis.

Gynecologic tumor board: a radiologist's guide to vulvar and vaginal malignancies.

Primary vulvar and vaginal cancers are rare female genital tract malignancies which are staged using the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging. These cancers account for approximately 2,700 deaths annually in the USA. The most common histologic subtype of both vulvar and vaginal cancers is squamous cell carcinoma, with an increasing role of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in a significant number of these tumors.

Guided tour of hidden tracts in the pelvis: exploring pelvic fistulas.

Background: Fistulas are an abnormal connection between two or more epithelial surfaces. When fistulization between adjacent structures occurs in the pelvis, there is almost invariably significant associated morbidity and impact on a patient's quality of life. Imaging may aid in the diagnosis of pelvic fistulas and is essential to identify any associated pathology, define the course of the fistula, and aid in pre-surgical planning.

Imaging Features of Radiofrequency Ablation with Heat-Deployed Liposomal Doxorubicin in Hepatic Tumors.

Introduction: The imaging features of unresectable hepatic malignancies in patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in combination with lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (LTLD) were determined.

Materials And Methods: A phase I dose escalation study combining RFA with LTLD was performed with peri- and post- procedural CT and MRI. Imaging features were analyzed and measured in terms of ablative zone size and surrounding penumbra size.

Electrically conductive catheter inhibits bacterial colonization.

Purpose: To design, prototype, and assess a custom vascular access catheter for its ability to inhibit bacterial colonization in vitro and to optimize electric parameters for efficacy and safe translation.

Materials And Methods: A vascular access catheter with conductive elements was designed and custom fabricated with two electrodes at the tip, separated by a nonconductive segment. The catheter was colonized with Staphylococcus aureus and incubated at predetermined current levels (4-8 µA) and durations (4-24 h).

Electronic brachytherapy for postsurgical adjuvant vaginal cuff irradiation therapy in endometrial and cervical cancer: a retrospective study.

Purpose: A new platform for brachytherapy called electronic brachytherapy (EBT) has been developed, which uses a miniature X-ray source to generate low-energy radiation. A retrospective study of adverse events and clinical outcomes in patients treated with EBT to the vaginal cuff, either as monotherapy or in combination with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), was conducted.

Methods And Materials: Medical records were reviewed from 16 patients treated with postoperative EBT for endometrial (n=13) or cervical cancer (n=3) between February 2009 and November 2010.

Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling confers resistance to trastuzumab but not lapatinib.

Trastuzumab and lapatinib provide clinical benefit to women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER)-positive breast cancer. However, not all patients whose tumors contain the HER2 alteration respond. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new predictive factors for these agents.

WY 14,643 inhibits human aldose reductase activity.

Aldose reductase (AR) is implicated to play a critical role in diabetes and cardiovascular complications because of the reaction it catalyzes. Our data reveal that peroxisome proliferator WY 14,643, follows a pure non-competitive inhibition pattern in the aldehyde reduction activity as well as in the alcohol oxidation activity of AR. This finding communicates for the first time a novel feature of WY 14,643 in regulating AR activity.