Nicotinamide riboside has minimal impact on energy metabolism in mouse models of mild obesity.

Supplementation with precursors of NAD has been shown to prevent and reverse insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and liver damage in mouse models of diet-induced obesity. We asked whether the beneficial effects of supplementation with the NAD precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) are dependent on mouse strain. We compared the effects of NR supplementation on whole-body energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in mildly obese C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J mice, two commonly used strains to investigate metabolism.

Induction of the nicotinamide riboside kinase NAD salvage pathway in a model of sarcoplasmic reticulum dysfunction.

Background: Hexose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (H6PD) is a generator of NADPH in the Endoplasmic/Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (ER/SR). Interaction of H6PD with 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 provides NADPH to support oxo-reduction of inactive to active glucocorticoids, but the wider understanding of H6PD in ER/SR NAD(P)(H) homeostasis is incomplete. Lack of H6PD results in a deteriorating skeletal myopathy, altered glucose homeostasis, ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response.

Metabolic tracing reveals novel adaptations to skeletal muscle cell energy production pathways in response to NAD depletion.

Skeletal muscle is central to whole body metabolic homeostasis, with age and disease impairing its ability to function appropriately to maintain health. Inadequate NAD availability is proposed to contribute to pathophysiology by impairing metabolic energy pathway use. Despite the importance of NAD as a vital redox cofactor in energy production pathways being well-established, the wider impact of disrupted NAD homeostasis on these pathways is unknown.

Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells.

Objective: Augmenting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) availability may protect skeletal muscle from age-related metabolic decline. Dietary supplementation of NAD precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) appear efficacious in elevating muscle NAD. Here we sought to identify the pathways skeletal muscle cells utilize to synthesize NAD from NMN and NR and provide insight into mechanisms of muscle metabolic homeostasis.