The oculomotor cistern and pituitary adenomas: anatomical and clinical study.

Objective: The oculomotor cistern (OMC) is a meningeal cuff filled with CSF that contains the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve [CN] III) at the level of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. Only a few studies have investigated the involvement of the OMC by pituitary adenomas (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors [PitNETs]), mainly with relatively small case series. The aim of this study was to perform a histomorphological description of the OMC and systematically analyze its involvement by PitNETs from radiological, clinical, and surgical perspectives.

PET imaging for a very early detection of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and Parkinson's disease - A model-based cost-effectiveness analysis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative condition after Alzheimer's disease and it represents one of the fastest emerging neurological diseases worldwide. PD is usually diagnosed after the third decade of life with symptoms like tremors at rest and muscle stiffness. Rapid Eye Movement sleep behavioral disorder (RBD) is another disorder that is caused by a loss of typical muscle relaxation during sleep with a lot of motor activity.

The Current Diagnostic Performance of MRI-Based Radiomics for Glioma Grading: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Multiple radiomics models have been proposed for grading glioma using different algorithms, features, and sequences of magnetic resonance imaging. The research seeks to assess the present overall performance of radiomics for grading glioma.

Methods: A systematic literature review of the databases Ovid MEDLINE PubMed, and Ovid EMBASE for publications published on radiomics for glioma grading between 2012 and 2023 was performed.

Pineal Apoplexy: Highlighting the Causes, Treatment, and Outcome.

Background:  Pineal apoplexy, alternatively referred to as pineal hemorrhage or pineal gland hemorrhagic stroke, is an infrequent pathologic condition characterized by bleeding within the pineal gland. In this review, we encompass the primary factors contributing to this uncommon ailment.

Methods:  The retrieval of pertinent research, including patients with pineal apoplexy, was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases.

The Transorbital Approach: A Comprehensive Review of Targets, Surgical Techniques, and Multiportal Variants.

The transorbital approach (TOA) is gaining popularity in skull base surgery scenarios. This approach represents a valuable surgical corridor to access various compartments and safely address several intracranial pathologies, both intradurally and extradurally, including tumors of the olfactory groove in the anterior cranial fossa (ACF), cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa (MCF), and the cerebellopontine angle in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF). The TOA exists in many variants, both from the point of view of invasiveness and from that of the entry point to the orbit, corresponding to the four orbital quadrants: the superior eyelid crease (SLC), the precaruncular (PC), the lateral retrocanthal (LRC), and the preseptal lower eyelid (PS).

Clustering Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Time Series in Glioblastoma Characterization: A Review of the Evolution, Applications, and Potentials.

In this paper, we discuss how the clustering analysis technique can be applied to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series data in the context of glioblastoma (GBM), a highly heterogeneous brain tumor. The precise characterization of GBM is challenging and requires advanced analytical approaches. We have synthesized the existing literature to provide an overview of how clustering algorithms can help identify unique patterns within the dynamics of GBM.

Radiomics for differentiation of gliomas from primary central nervous system lymphomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Numerous radiomics-based models have been proposed to discriminate between central nervous system (CNS) gliomas and primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs). Given the heterogeneity of the existing models, we aimed to define their overall performance and identify the most critical variables to pilot future algorithms.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis were conducted, encompassing 12 studies and a total of 1779 patients, focusing on radiomics to differentiate gliomas from PCNSLs.

Advancements in Glioma Care: Focus on Emerging Neurosurgical Techniques.

Background: Despite significant advances in understanding the molecular pathways of glioma, translating this knowledge into effective long-term solutions remains a challenge. Indeed, gliomas pose a significant challenge to neurosurgical oncology because of their diverse histopathological features, genetic heterogeneity, and clinical manifestations. Relevant sections: This study focuses on glioma complexity by reviewing recent advances in their management, also considering new classification systems and emerging neurosurgical techniques.

A Systematic Review of the Metabolism of High-Grade Gliomas: Current Targeted Therapies and Future Perspectives.

High-grade glial tumors (HGGs) exhibit aggressive growth patterns and high recurrence rates. The prevailing treatment approach comprises radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CMT), and surgical resection. Despite the progress made in traditional treatments, the outlook for patients with HGGs remains bleak.

Radiomics for Differentiation of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose: To better define the overall performance of the current radiomics-based models for the discrimination of pediatric posterior fossa tumors.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of the databases PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus was designed and conducted by an experienced librarian. We estimated overall sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE).

Non-surgical management of chronic subdural hematoma: insights and future perspectives from an international survey including neurosurgeons from 90 countries worldwide.

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions. Although surgical evacuation is still the gold standard for treatment, recent advances have led to the development of other management strategies, such as medical therapies and endovascular middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization. Through this international survey, we investigated the global trends in cSDH management, focusing on medical and endovascular treatments.

Quantitative Anatomical Comparison of Surgical Approaches to Meckel's Cave.

Background: Meckel's cave is a challenging surgical target due to its deep location and proximity to vital neurovascular structures. Surgeons have developed various microsurgical transcranial approaches (MTAs) to access it, but there is no consensus on the best method. Newer endoscopic approaches have also emerged.

Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review of the Present Strategies and Prospects for Advancements.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aggressive growth and high rates of recurrence. Despite the advancements in conventional therapies, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor. Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a potential treatment option.

Surgical Treatment of Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Surgical Techniques and Outcomes.

Background: Spheno-orbital meningiomas (SOMs) are rare tumors arising from the meninges surrounding the sphenoid bone and orbital structures. Surgical resection is the primary treatment approach for SOMs. Several surgical approaches have been described during the decades, including microsurgical transcranial (MTAs), endoscopic endonasal (EEAs), endoscopic transorbital (ETOAs), and combined approaches, and the choice of surgical approach remains a topic of debate.

Cigarette Smoking and Intracranial Aneurysms: A Pilot Analysis of SNPs in the CYP2A6 Gene in the Italian Population.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor associated with formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is the main enzyme implied in catabolism of nicotine and xenobiotics, giving rise to oxidative stress products. Our study investigated the associations between specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP2A6 gene and the presence of sporadic IAs in a cluster of Italian patients, as well as their rupture regarding cigarette smoking habit.

The benefit of antibiotic-combined Mg-hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute over autologous bone for surgical site infection prevention in posterolateral spinal fusion: a retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: The authors' goal was to clarify whether a bone substitute combined with antibiotics might gain a hold in spinal surgery as a preventive treatment for early infections (EIs).

Background: A relatively infrequent but severe complication in spinal surgery is the occurrence of EIs.

Brain Arteriovenous Malformations and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background: The bleeding risk and outcome of pregnant women harboring intracranial arteriovenous malformations are still unclear, and no consensus has been achieved on management timing and strategy.

Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 1990 to 2022 for studies evaluating the bleeding risk and the outcome of women with intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Our primary end point was the hemorrhage rate.

Tumor Microenvironment and Glioblastoma Cell Interplay as Promoters of Therapeutic Resistance.

The invasive nature of glioblastoma is problematic in a radical surgery approach and can be responsible for tumor recurrence. In order to create new therapeutic strategies, it is imperative to have a better understanding of the mechanisms behind tumor growth and invasion. The continuous cross-talk between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to disease progression, which renders research in this field difficult and challenging.

Developmental venous anomaly associated with dural arteriovenous fistula: Etiopathogenesis and hemorrhagic risk.

Introduction: Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) have traditionally been defined as non-pathological congenital lesions. Compared to isolated DVAs, the association of DVAs with arteriovenous shunts seems to have a more adverse clinical connotation. In this review, we describe the association between DVA and dAVF and discuss the hemorrhagic risk.

Preliminary Validation of FoRCaSco: A New Grading System for Cerebral and Cerebellar Cavernomas.

Objective: Surgical indications for cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) remain significantly center- and surgeon-dependent; available grading systems are potentially limited, as they do not include epileptologic and radiologic data. Several experienced authors proposed a new grading system for CCM and the first group of patients capable of providing its statistical validation was analyzed.

Methods: A retrospective series of 289 CCMs diagnosed between 2008 and 2021 was collected in a shared anonymous database among 9 centers.

CyberKnife for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objective: Possible treatment strategies for recurrent malignant gliomas include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and combined treatments. Among different reirradiation modalities, the CyberKnife System has shown promising results. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis to establish the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife treatment for recurrent malignant gliomas.