Safety and efficacy of lutein and lutein/zeaxanthin extracts from for poultry for fattening and laying (except turkeys).

The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) evaluated (i) lutein from a saponified extract from obtained via extraction and saponification (lutein not less than 85% of total carotenoids (TC)) and (ii) lutein/zeaxanthin extract from obtained via extraction, saponification and isomerisation (lutein not less than 45% and zeaxanthin not less than 35% of TC). The maximum proposed use level of 80 mg TC from saponified extract/kg complete feed for chickens for fattening and laying hens is safe for these animal categories. This conclusion can be extrapolated to minor poultry species for fattening and laying.

Safety and efficacy of ponceau 4R for cats, dogs and ornamental fish.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of ponceau 4R for cats, dogs and ornamental fish. The following ponceau 4R concentrations in complete feed were considered safe: 31 mg/kg for cats, 37 mg/kg for dogs and 137 mg/kg for ornamental fish. Inhalation exposure of ponceau 4R is regarded as hazardous.

Safety and efficacy of -norbixin di-potassium salt (annatto F) for cats and dogs.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of annatto F (alkali-processed norbixin, acid-precipitated) for cats and dogs. Norbixin is considered safe for cats at a maximum concentration of 13 mg/kg complete feed and for dogs at 16 mg/kg complete feed. Annatto 2.

Safety of vitamin D addition to feedingstuffs for fish.

During 2012-2014, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) issued three opinions on the safety and efficacy of vitamin D for all animal species and concluded that no safety concern was identified for the use of vitamin D for fish at the maximum authorised content of 0.075 mg/kg feed. The Norwegian Food Safety Authority made available to the Commission some studies on the safety of vitamin D for fish and consumers at substantially higher levels (1.

Safety of l-tryptophan technically pure, produced by fermentation with DSM 25084, KCCM 11132P and SARI12091203 for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by FEFANA Asbl.

In 2015, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) issued an opinion on the safety and efficacy of l-tryptophan produced by fermentation using three strains of when used as a nutritional additive for all animal species. The Panel concluded that the safety of l-tryptophan produced by SARI12091203 for target animals, consumers, users and the environment could not be assessed because the data submitted did not permit the identity and safety of the strain, and the purity of the additive, to be determined. During the current assessment, the applicant withdrew the application for l-tryptophan produced by SARI12091203.

Exposure to low levels of hexavalent chromium: target doses and comparative effects on two human pulmonary cell lines.

Intracellular reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative damage to different intracellular molecules like DNA, proteins and lipids is believed to contribute to the process of carcinogenesis. Aim of this study was to develop a model to establish a relationship between intracellular and macromolecule-bound chromium and some biomarkers of oxidative stress in two in vitro cell lines. Human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human bronchial epithelial (BEAS2B) cells were exposed for 3, 8 and 24 hours to relatively low doses (0.

Evaluation of brominated diphenyl ether-99 toxicity with Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna.

Brominated flame retardants belong to a new class of environmental contaminants. To obtain new information regarding the effects of 2,2',4,4',5-brominated diphenyl ether (BDE-99), one of the most frequently reported congeners in freshwater biota, the inhibition of algal growth of Raphidocelis subcapitara (also known as Selenastrum capricornutum) and acute toxicity to Daphnia magna were examined. The experimental design also involved a comparison with the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254.