Impact of histopathological and serological assessments on early diagnosis of leprosy relapse.

This study aimed to identify laboratory factors predicting leprosy relapse (LR) after multi-drug therapy (MDT). A case-control study included 80 patients treated with MDT at a national reference center over 12 years. The Relapse Group had 40 patients who relapsed after an average of 89.

Role of histopathological, serological and molecular findings for the early diagnosis of treatment failure in leprosy.

Background: Treatment failure (TF) in leprosy following multidrug therapy (MDT) presents a significant challenge. The current World Health Organization (WHO) fixed-duration MDT regimen, based on lesion count, might not be adequate. Leprosy lacks clear-cut objective cure criteria, and the predictive value of post-MDT histopathological findings remains uncertain.

Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp.: Impacts on fatality in a NICU in Brazil - confronting the perfect storm.

Objective: Analyse the incidence, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and fatality in neonates infected with oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (ORS).

Methods: In this retrospective observational descriptive cohort study, the medical records of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from January 2015 to June 2022 were analysed.

Challenges and trends in Gram-negative bacterial infections in critically neonates: A seven-and-a-half-year observational study.

Background: Analyze the incidence, risk factors, and fatality rates of bloodstream infections by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB-BSIs) in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Methods: This study employs a retrospective cohort design utilizing records of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2015 and June 2022.

Results: Among 1,495 neonates, 5.

Unraveling the epidemiology of urinary tract infections in neonates: Perspective from a Brazilian NICU.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can lead to neonatal complications like sepsis, worsened by empirical treatment, contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study examined the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Brazil.

Methods: Medical records of neonates hospitalized in the NICU from January 2015 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed through the National Healthcare Safety Network system.

Epidemiological indicators and predictors of lethality associated with fungal infections in a NICU: a historical series.

Objectives: Fungal infections (FI) pose a public health concern and significantly increase mortality rates, especially within Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Thus, this study aimed to investigate epidemiological indicators, risk factors, and lethality predictors associated with FI in a NICU.

Methods: This study included 1,510 neonates admitted to the NICU of a reference hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2022.

Impact of intestinal colonization by Gram-negative bacteria on the incidence of bloodstream infections and lethality in critically ill neonates.

Background: Early detection of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms is crucial to prevent subsequent invasive infections and contain their spread in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study aims to investigate the association between intestinal colonization (IC) by Gram-negative bacteria and the risk of bloodstream infection (BSI) in critically ill neonates.

Methods: Data from the electronic medical records of 678 newborns admitted to a NICU Brazilian between 2018 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

Cardiovascular and metabolic changes in Brazilian truck drivers.

Objective: To identify the relationship between the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and the presence of cardio-metabolic diseases, alcohol, and tobacco abuse among truck drivers.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out with 235 truck drivers. Demographic, professional, clinical, alcohol, and tobacco abuse data were collected through interviews.

Inanimate Surfaces and Air Contamination with Multidrug Resistant Species of in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment.

Background: Contamination of the hospital environment with multi-resistant (MDR) increases the risk of infection. The aim of this study is to identify the MDR species of on inanimate surfaces, in air, and in clinical samples, and analyze the risk factors that correlate with the occurrence of infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Methods: Samples of inanimate surfaces and air were taken using a premoistened swab (0.

Hand-foot syndrome and nail disorders secondary to treatment with paclitaxel: Is there a relationship with the presence of fungi?

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of nail disorders and the presence of fungi on the nails of the hands and feet of patients with hand-foot syndrome secondary to treatment with paclitaxel.

Methods: Prospective study, carried out from October 2018 to December 2019, which included 81 patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer using paclitaxel and had signs and or symptoms of hand-foot syndrome with or without nail disorders. The data were collected through interviews guided by a structured questionnaire, information from medical records and reports of mycological exams.

Quantification of biofilm produced by clinical, environment and hands' isolates Klebsiella species using colorimetric and classical methods.

Some species of Klebsiella, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, are important nosocomial pathogens frequently involved in outbreaks in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and have the ability to form a biofilm. This study aims to evaluate the biofilm production of K. pneumoniae and K.

Association between chronotype and psychomotor performance of rotating shift workers.

It is known that the chronotype potentially mediates the performance and tolerance to work in shifts and that shift rotation is associated with negative effects on psychomotor performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronotype on psychomotor performance throughout a complete shift rotation schedule. Thirty males working in clockwise rotating shifts from a mining company were evaluated under a real-life condition over the following shift schedule: 2 days of day work, 2 days of evening work and 2 days of night work.

Time after ostomy surgery and type of treatment are associated with quality of life changes in colorectal cancer patients with colostomy.

Purpose: Quality of life in colorectal cancer patients may be affected by colostomy and treatment, but relevant studies are still scarce and contradictory. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between colostomy time and treatment type with quality of life in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods: A prospective observational study of 41 patients with colorectal cancer was conducted on three occasions T0, T1 and T2 (0-2; 3-5 and 6-8 months after ostomy surgery, respectively).

Risk factors associated with mortality among patients who had candidemia in a university hospital.

Introduction: Bloodstream infection due to Candida spp. is a primary cause of morbidity and mortality in tertiary hospitals.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included patients with a positive blood culture for Candida spp.

Onychomycosis in Psoriatic Patients with Nail Disorders: Aetiological Agents and Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic, relapsing, immune-based diseases. Psoriatic patients may have nail involvement in 50 to 80% of cases, and this may reach 85% in patients with joint disease, in spite of the fact that the relationship between psoriasis and onychomycosis is not well established. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of onychomycosis in patients with nail disorders and diagnosis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Evaluation of Vulvovaginitis and Hygiene Habits of Women Attended in Primary Health Care Units of the Family.

Background: This study aims to investigate the occurrence of vulvovaginal infections, to describe and to relate the hygiene habits of women who were treated at the Units of Primary Attention to Family Health in a municipality in the interior of Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in two Primary Health Care Units of the Family of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The population sample consisted of 100 women who underwent gynecological consultation in the health units.

Insulin, ghrelin and early return of hunger in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background & Aims: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have greater predisposition to obesity, but the mechanisms are still unknown. Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and low levels of ghrelin are common in this group. For the purposes of the present study, it was assumed that such changes could have an influence on hunger.

Eating Experiences, Sweet Preference, and Weight Gain in Women During Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Mixed Methods Study.

Weight gain during breast cancer treatment has not been explained yet. This study aimed to explore eating experience and its relationship with weight gain and sweet preference and intake in women in chemotherapy treatment for breast cancer. Thirty-one patients indicated for adjuvant (n = 16) or neoadjuvant (n = 15) chemotherapy containing anthracyclines were evaluated.

Assessment of the neuropsychomotor development in the first year of life of premature infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective: To compare the neuropsychomotor development in the first year of life of premature infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2014, and December 30, 2015, with premature infants weighing < 1,500g at birth and diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at the corrected ages of 6 and 9 months, assessed using the DENVER II Developmental Screening Test. Quantitative variables were described as the means, medians and standard deviations.

The epidemiology of cryptococcosis and the characterization of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated in a Brazilian University Hospital.

Cryptococcosis, a systemic disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans/ Cryptococcus gattii is more severe in immunocompromised individuals. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of the disease, the molecular characteristics and the antifungal susceptibility of C. neoformans isolated from patients treated in a Brazilian university hospital.

Liver hemodynamic patterns in nonalcoholic steatosis: Doppler ultrasonography and histological evaluation.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic Doppler ultrasound (US) indices for steatosis diagnosis and grading, having biopsy as reference.

Methods: Doppler and conventional US were performed in 49 healthy volunteers, without risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and in 49 patients with NAFLD and at least one risk factor: obesity, dyslipidemia and/or diabetes mellitus. Significant alcohol intake and hepatitis B or C were exclusion criteria.

Prospective study of the hemodynamic behavior of ophthalmic arteries in postpartum preeclamptic women: A doppler evaluation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic behavior of the ophthalmic artery by means of the Doppler ultrasound, in postpartum preeclamptic women. It was an observational prospective study with 44 postpartum preeclamptic women (group 1) and 49 postpartum normal women with normal blood pressure and with no previous illnesses known (group 2). All the pregnant women had a Doppler ultrasound exam of the ophthalmic artery in the immediate puerperium, that is, 10 days for the delivery (time 1).