Reducing multiples: a mathematical formula that accurately predicts rates of singletons, twins, and higher-order multiples in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Objective: To develop a mathematical formula that accurately predicts the probability of a singleton, twin, and higher-order multiple pregnancy according to implantation rate and number of embryos transferred.

Design: A total of 12,003 IVF cycles from a single center resulting in ET were analyzed. Using mathematical modeling we developed a formula, the Combined Formula, and tested for the ability of this formula to accurately predict outcomes.

Success of testicular sperm extraction [corrected] and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in men with Klinefelter syndrome.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the successful fertility treatment of men with Klinefelter syndrome using testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Methods: A total of 42 men with Klinefelter syndrome who underwent 54 TESE procedures were identified. Before TESE, patients with serum testosterone levels less than 15.

High pregnancy rates can be achieved after freezing and thawing human blastocysts.

Objective: To examine the results of a 3-year trial using blastocyst cryopreservation to limit multiple pregnancy and optimize overall pregnancy per cycle.

Design: Retrospective clinical evaluation of pregnancy rates after freezing and thawing human blastocysts.

Setting: Tertiary-care academic center.

Autologous endometrial coculture in patients with IVF failure: outcome of the first 1,030 cases.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) in improving embryo quality and pregnancy rates in 1,030 consecutive cycles of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) utilizing AECC from January 1996 to December 2001.

Study Design: Embryos from each of 1,030 patients allocated to growth on AECC were analyzed for outcome. All patients had previously undergone failed IVF cycles.

Embryo development after heterotopic transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue.

Background: Cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and radical surgery, can induce premature menopause and infertility in hundreds of thousands of women of reproductive age every year. One of the ways to possibly preserve fertility before these treatments is to cryopreserve ovarian tissue for later transplantation. We aimed to restore fertility by cryopreservation and transplantation of ovarian tissue.

AZF microdeletions of the Y chromosome and in vitro fertilization outcome.

Objective: To determine whether the presence of a Y microdeletion confers any adverse effects on in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) outcome.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Academic infertility center.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis for retinoblastoma: the first reported liveborn.

Purpose: To develop an accurate mutation analysis procedure for retinoblastoma gene (RB1) mutation, which is sensitive at the single-cell level, and to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to achieve pregnancies without retinoblastoma.

Design: Case report.

Methods: Twelve day 3 embryos, obtained by IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, underwent single-cell DNA testing via polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis to detect the presence of a paternal RB1 mutation.

Does the developmental stage at freeze impact on clinical results post-thaw?

The value of cryopreserving prezygotes, pre-embryos or blastocysts for future thaw and transfer is an important consideration of every IVF program. The convergence of two factors, a higher pregnancy rate and a lower multiple gestation rate, can be managed effectively through the establishment of a successful cryopreservation programme. In this article, freezing and thawing results from pronuclear oocytes, pre-embryos, and blastocysts are compared.

Autologous endometrial coculture in patients with a previous history of poor quality embryos.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of autologous endometrial coculture in patients (less than 36 years old) with a history of a single IVF failed cycle associated with poor quality embryos.

Design: Controlled clinical study.

Setting: University-based in vitro fertilization center.

Importance of the biopsy date in autologous endometrial cocultures for patients with multiple implantation failures.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of autologous endometrial coculture by the cycle day of the endometrial biopsy.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: University-based IVF center.