Human bone marrow: a reservoir for "enhanced effector memory" CD8+ T cells with potent recall function.

The role of human bone marrow (BM) CD8+ T cells in the immune response to viral Ags is poorly defined. We report here the identification and characterization of a functionally enhanced effector memory CD8+ T cell population (TEM) in the BM of patients undergoing total joint replacement for osteoarthritis. These BM-derived TEM differ strikingly from correlate cells in peripheral blood (PB), expressing elevated levels of CD27, HLA-DR, CD38, CD69, and unique patterns of chemokine receptors.

Endoscopic orbital decompression for Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Background: Graves' ophthalmopathy generates a volume excess for the orbital cavity, which may produce proptosis, pain, exposure keratitis, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. Endoscopic orbital decompression expands the orbital cavity into the ethmoid cavity and medial maxillary sinus. This retrospective study documents the outcomes after endoscopic orbital decompression for patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.

Interleukin-13 receptor alpha2 chain in human head and neck cancer serves as a unique diagnostic marker.

Previous studies have demonstrated that approximately 30% of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines express high levels of interleukin-13 receptor(s) (IL-13R). However, the incidence, expression level, and significance of IL-13R expression in human tumor specimens is not known. In addition, it is not known whether normal head and neck tissues express IL-13R.