Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in Respiratory Failure After Extubation During Postoperative Care in Pediatrics.

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with respiratory failure after extubation and to identify predictive success factors. This was a prospective cohort study of pediatric patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease who underwent heart surgery and used NIV. Data were collected from 170 patients with a median age of 2 months.

The Epidemiology of Sepsis in Childhood.

Background: Sepsis, or systemic inflammatory response to infection, is a major childhood disease and a common cause of death in children. Despite its importance, a global perspective on the epidemiology and mortality of pediatric sepsis across the world is still lacking.

Methods: A non-systematic review of the medical articles published in Medline from 2005 to 2015.

The impact of daily evaluation and spontaneous breathing test on the duration of pediatric mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess whether the combination of daily evaluation and use of a spontaneous breathing test could shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation as compared with weaning based on our standard of care. Secondary outcome measures included extubation failure rate and the need for noninvasive ventilation.

Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Biventricular repair in unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect.

We present the case of a 2.5 year-old child with unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect due to a small left ventricle (LV) (mitral annulus of 10mm and a 0.4 ratio in relation to the tricuspid annulus, LVDD: 17 mm, LV Vd2: 15 ml/m(2) and LV/RV long-axis ratio of 0.

[High-frequency ventilation in children and adolescents with acute respiratory distress syndrome (impact on the use of ECMO)].

Objective: To assess the effect of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) in children and adolescents with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through estimates of survival rate and time of ventilation. To verify whether HFV can reduce the indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in children and adolescents with ARDS.

Methods: a systematic review of medical literature on the use of HFV and ECMO in children and adolescents with ARDS was carried out.