Limited Impact of Cannabidiol on Health-related Quality of Life of People With Long-term Controlled HIV: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) with undetectable HIV viral load still have an impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Cannabidiol (CBD) is a nonintoxicating cannabis-derived cannabinoid that holds promise for the treatment of many ailments. In the present study, we tested whether oral CBD-rich medication could significantly improve PWH's HRQoL.

T Lymphocyte Serotonin 5-HT Receptor Is Dysregulated in Natalizumab-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients.

Serotonin (5-HT) is known as a potent immune cell modulator in autoimmune diseases and should be protective in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge about receptors involved in 5-HT effects as well as induced mechanisms. Among 5-HT receptors, the 5-HT receptor is able to activate naïve T cells and influence the inflammatory response; however, its involvement in the disease has never been studied so far.

Disturbed expression of autophagy genes in blood of Parkinson's disease patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder which affects dopaminergic neurons leading to alteration of numerous cellular pathways. Several reports highlight that PD disturbs also other cells than CNS neurons including PBMCs, which could lead, among other things, to dysfunctions of immune functions. Because autophagy could be altered in PD, a monocentric pilot study was performed to quantify the transcripts levels of several autophagy genes in blood cells.

STING-dependent sensing of self-DNA drives silica-induced lung inflammation.

Silica particles induce lung inflammation and fibrosis. Here we show that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is essential for silica-induced lung inflammation. In mice, silica induces lung cell death and self-dsDNA release in the bronchoalveolar space that activates STING pathway.

Dysregulation of apoptosis and autophagy gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of efficiently treated HIV-infected patients.

Objective: We measure the transcript levels of the proapoptotic GALIG, antiapoptotic MCL1 genes and those of the autophagy genes BECN1, MAP1LC3B, ATG9a, P62/SQSTM1, GABARAP, GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2 to define if mRNA alteration can characterize HIV-infected patients effectively treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Design: Monocentric pilot study conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of 40 uninfected donors and 27 HIV-positive patients effectively treated by cART for at least 8.4 years.

Interaction of Alpha-synuclein with Cytogaligin, a protein encoded by the proapoptotic gene GALIG.

GALIG, an internal gene to the human galectin-3 gene, encodes two distinct proteins, Mitogaligin and Cytogaligin through translation of a unique mRNA in two overlapping alternative reading frames. When overexpressed GALIG induces apoptosis. In cultured cells, Mitogaligin destabilizes mitochondria membranes through interaction with cardiolipin.

Opposing Mcl-1, the GALIG proapoptotic gene is upregulated as neutrophils die and underexpressed in Acute Myeloid Leukemia cells.

GALIG gene expression induces apoptosis in cultured cells through a pathway still under investigation. It is highly expressed in leukocytes but weakly detectable in bone marrow, suggesting a role in the myeloid lineage homeostasis. We show here that GALIG-induced cell death is counteracted by the overexpression of MCL-1, a pro-survival member of the Bcl2 family.

The mitogaligin protein is addressed to the nucleus via a non-classical localization signal.

Mitogaligin, a protein encoded by galig, an internal cytotoxic gene of the galectin-3 locus, is mostly a mitochondrial protein. Mitochondrial targeting is due to an already identified mitochondrial localization signal. Interaction of mitogaligin with mitochondria leads to cytochrome c cytosolic leakage and ultimately to cell death.

Multiple reprobing of Western blots after inactivation of peroxidase activity by its substrate, hydrogen peroxide.

Sequential detections of different proteins on Western blot save time and precious samples. The main problem concerning reprobing is that stripping buffers can unbind both the antibody and the tested antigen. An original reprobing method has been set up based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) inhibition after enhanced chemiluminescence detection.

Apoptotic activity of a nuclear form of mitogaligin, a cell death protein.

Galig, an internal gene to the galectin-3 gene, encodes two proteins and induces cell death in human cells. Mitogaligin, one of these proteins, contains a mitochondrial targeting sequence and promotes the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Here, we show that mitogaligin can also localize to nucleus.

Destabilization of membranes containing cardiolipin or its precursors by peptides derived from mitogaligin, a cell death protein.

Galig, a gene embedded within the galectin-3 gene, induces cell death when transfected in human cells. This death is associated with cell shrinkage, nuclei condensation, and aggregation of mitochondria. Galig contains two different overlapping open reading frames encoding two unrelated proteins.

A paediatric vaccination vector based on live attenuated measles vaccine.

Live attenuated RNA viruses make highly efficient vaccines. Among them, measles virus (MV) vaccine has been given to a very large number of children and shown to be highly effective and safe. MV vaccine induces a life-long immunity after a single or two low-dose injections.

A single injection of recombinant measles virus vaccines expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 clade B envelope glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to HIV.

The anchored and secreted forms of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 89.6 envelope glycoprotein, either complete or after deletion of the V3 loop, were expressed in a cloned attenuated measles virus (MV) vector. The recombinant viruses grew as efficiently as the parental virus and expressed high levels of the HIV protein.

A molecularly cloned Schwarz strain of measles virus vaccine induces strong immune responses in macaques and transgenic mice.

Live attenuated RNA viruses make highly efficient vaccines. Among them, measles virus (MV) vaccine has been given to a very large number of children and has been shown to be highly efficacious and safe. Therefore, this vaccine might be a very promising vector to immunize children against both measles and other infectious agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus.