Cryptococcal meningitis in non-HIV patients in the State of Amazonas, Northern Brazil.

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening fungal infection caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Most cases are recorded in patients suffering from HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). However, this infection also occurs in non-HIV patients with a proportion of 10-30% of all cases.

Comparative antifungal susceptibility analyses of Cryptococcus neoformans VNI and Cryptococcus gattii VGII from the Brazilian Amazon Region by the Etest, Vitek 2, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution methods.

Early diagnosis, efficient clinical support, and proper antifungal therapy are essential to reduce death and sequels caused by cryptococcosis. The emergence of resistance to the antifungal drugs commonly used for cryptococcosis treatment is an important issue of concern. Thus, the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of clinical strains from northern Brazil, including C.

Temporal distribution of tuberculosis in the State of Amazonas, Brazil.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases that contributes most to the morbidity and mortality of millions of people worldwide. Brazil is one of 22 countries that accounts for 80% of the tuberculosis global burden. The highest incidence rates in Brazil occur in the States of Amazonas and Rio de Janeiro.

Simultaneous circulation of all four dengue serotypes in Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil in 2011.

Introduction: Manaus, the capital city of the state of Amazon with nearly 2 million inhabitants, is located in the middle of the Amazon rain forest and has suffered dengue outbreaks since 1998.

Methods: In this study, blood samples were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), aimed at identifying dengue virus serotypes.

Results: Acute phase sera from 432 patients were tested for the presence of dengue virus.

Characterization of clinical isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex from the Amazonas State in Brazil.

Background: The differentiation and classification of pathogenic Cryptococcus species provides useful data for epidemiological studies and for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Aims: The aim of this study was to characterise 40 clinical Cryptococcus isolates obtained from patients at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas (FMTAM) from 2006 to 2008.

Methods: It was used phenotypic (i.

Tegumentary leishmaniasis as the cause of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a patient co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania guyanensis.

We report a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in a 32-year-old man infected with human immunodeficiency virus and Leishmania guyanensis. Three months after initiation of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), the patient had disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis and started anti-leishmanial therapy. The patient's leishmaniasis manifestations during HAART ranged form an anergic response (46 CD4+ T cells/microL) to a disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis (112 CD4+ T cells/microL).