U.S. Physician-Scientist Workforce in the 21st Century: Recommendations to Attract and Sustain the Pipeline.

The U.S. physician-scientist (PS) workforce is invaluable to the nation's biomedical research effort.

Prevalence of QT prolongation and associated LVEF changes in diabetic patients over a four-year retrospective time period.

: To evaluate the prevalence and longitudinal changes of prolonged QTc in DM patients admitted to our community hospital, and to determine, if any, its correlation with changes of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). : A retrospective chart review of patients with Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) with at least two admissions during a four-year period was performed to identify QTc interval, and LVEF, as measured on transthoracic echocardiogram. Changes in QTc and LVEF between patient hospital admissions were compared.

The role of medical education in the development of the scientific practice of medicine.

The authors describe the important role of medical schools and graduate medical education programs (residencies) in relationship to the advances in Medicine witnessed during the twentieth century; diagnosis, prognosis and treatment were revolutionized. This historical essay details the evolution of the education system and the successful struggle to introduce a uniform, science-based curriculum and bedside education. The result was successive generations of soundly educated physicians prepared with a broad knowledge in science, an understanding of laboratory methods and the ability to practice medicine at the bedside.

Diagnostic testing in the context of high-value care: Incorporating prior probability.

This is the fifth article of a series on fundamental concepts in biostatistics and research. In this article, the author reviews the fundamental concepts in diagnostic testing, prior probability and predictive value, and how they relate to the concept of high-value care. The topics are discussed in common language with a minimum of jargon and mathematics.

Diagnostic testing: a key component of high-value care.

This is the fourth article of a series on fundamental concepts in biostatistics and research. In this article, the author reviews the fundamental concepts in diagnostic testing, sensitivity, and specificity and how they relate to the concept of high-value care. The topics are discussed in common language, with a minimum of jargon and mathematics, and with clinical examples.

Determining true difference between treatment groups.

In this article, the author reviews the P value and how it is used to determine true difference of outcome in treatment groups. P value, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, bias, and confidence interval are discussed in common language, with a minimum of jargon and with clinical examples.

Central tendency and variability in biological systems: Part 2.

This is the second article of a series on fundamental concepts in biostatistics and research. In this article, the author reviews the manner in which researchers characterize data. Normality, standard deviation, mean, P value, and other concepts related to parametric statistics are discussed in common language, with a minimum of jargon and mathematics, and with clinical examples.

A National Survey to Evaluate Graduate Medical Education in Disparities and Limited English Proficiency: A Report From the AAIM Diversity and Inclusion Committee.

Objectives: This article presents the results of a national survey addressing issues related to patients with limited English proficiency.

Methods: We disseminated a national confidential survey to 391 program directors of Internal Medicine residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

Results: Seventy percent of program directors indicated that their residents cared for a patient population that was composed of more than 10% limited-English-proficiency patients.

Central tendency and variability in biological systems.

In this article, the author reviews the manner in which researchers characterize data. Normality, standard deviation, mean, and other concepts related to parametric statistics are discussed in common language, with a minimum of jargon and with clinical examples.