The wind in the willows effect: Does age affect human versus animal faux pas recognition?

Children's literature is rife with anthropomorphic or non-human characters that may be used as a scaffold to teach children about theory of mind (ToM) or the ways in which people think or feel about the social world. In this study, 107 typically developing U.K.

Explaining Dark Matter Halo Density Profiles with Neural Networks.

We use explainable neural networks to connect the evolutionary history of dark matter halos with their density profiles. The network captures independent factors of variation in the density profiles within a low-dimensional representation, which we physically interpret using mutual information. Without any prior knowledge of the halos' evolution, the network recovers the known relation between the early time assembly and the inner profile and discovers that the profile beyond the virial radius is described by a single parameter capturing the most recent mass accretion rate.

Nonpharmacological interventions for treating fatigue in adolescents: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: Fatigue is common in adolescence and can be highly disabling if experienced persistently, with adverse psychosocial outcomes. There is a need to better understand what nonpharmacological treatments are available for adolescents suffering with persistent fatigue. The current review systematically identified, synthesised, and evaluated the evidence regarding nonpharmacological interventions for fatigue in adolescents, focusing on evaluating effectiveness, describing intervention components, and mapping interventions onto the behaviour change technique taxonomy (BCTT).

Exploring anhedonia in adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): A mixed-methods study.

Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS/ME) may get in the way of enjoying activities. A substantial minority of adolescents with CFS/ME are depressed. Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression.

How common are depression and anxiety in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and how should we screen for these mental health co-morbidities? A clinical cohort study.

Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) appear to be more likely to experience anxiety and/or depression using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). However, we do not know how accurate these are at detecting problems in this patient group given the primary symptom of fatigue. We aimed to accurately determine the prevalence of anxiety/depression using gold-standard diagnostic interviews and evaluate the accuracy of PROMs measuring mood disorders in this patient group.

Digital Behavior Change Interventions for Younger Children With Chronic Health Conditions: Systematic Review.

Background: The prevalence of chronic health conditions in childhood is increasing, and behavioral interventions can support the management of these conditions. Compared with face-to-face treatment, the use of digital interventions may be more cost-effective, appealing, and accessible, but there has been inadequate attention to their use with younger populations (children aged 5-12 years).

Objective: This systematic review aims to (1) identify effective digital interventions, (2) report the characteristics of promising interventions, and (3) describe the user's experience of the digital intervention.

Obstacles to recruitment in paediatric studies focusing on mental health in a physical health context: the experiences of clinical gatekeepers in an observational cohort study.

Background: Studies in both paediatric and psychiatric settings often experience problems in recruitment. This can compromise the ability of the study to recruit to target, meaning studies are potentially underpowered. It can also result in a biased sample if a non-representative group are selectively recruited.

The Association Between Measures of Fitness and Metabolic Health in Treatment-Seeking Youth with Obesity.

Background: Both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and measures of muscular fitness are associated with metabolic syndrome in adults. However, limited information exists about these relationships in youth with severe obesity who are at increased risk of metabolic dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fitness and metabolic health in treatment-seeking youth with obesity.

Graded Exercise Testing in a Pediatric Weight Management Center: The DeVos Protocol.

Background: In this article, we describe a protocol used to test the functional capacity of the obese pediatric patient and describe the peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) of patients seeking treatment at a pediatric weight management center.

Methods: One hundred eleven (mean age, 12.5 ± 3.