Prognostic Influence of Internal Mammary Node Drainage in Patients with Early-stage Breast Cancer.

Background: The management of internal mammary nodes (IMNs) during multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer has been debated for the last four decades without unequivocal conclusion.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at our center from 2008 until 2012. IMN drainage was assessed as a potential risk factor for local and distant disease recurrence.

Predictive parameters for internal mammary node drainage in patients with early breast cancer.

Introduction: Breast cancer treatment currently represents one of the biggest challenges in clinical oncology. The gold standard for axillary lymph node management is to perform sentinel node biopsy to avoid axillary dissection and its sequelae. The detection of radiocolloid flow outside the axillary nodes is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Significance of resection margin as a risk factor for local control of early stage breast cancer.

Introduction: Breast conserving surgery combined with sentinel node biopsy represents currently the gold standard of treatment for early breast cancer. Although breast conserving surgery has been a widely accepted method for many years, there remain some highly controversial unresolved issues. The present analysis focused on the resection margin as one of the key factors for local control of the disease.

Internal mammary node management in breast cancer. A review.

Background: Internal mammary nodes visualized during sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer, remain an unresolved management issue. Further, both internal mammary node (IMN) radiotherapy and biopsy have attendant risks and hence should be used with caution. The purpose of this review is to highlight the available data and evidence.

Omission of adjuvant radiation therapy in elderly patients with low risk breast cancer undergoing breast-conserving surgery--two center experience.

Introduction: Breast cancer is, now often diagnosed in patients older than 70 years due to longer life expectancy. The usual treatment is mastectomy to obviate radiotherapy or breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the need for adjuvant radiotherapy in older patients and the consequences of omitting radiotherapy following conservative surgery.