Plant-soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric species with contrasting invasive success.

The aim of this study was to compare plant-soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric European species differing in their invasive success in the world: a globally invasive Cirsium vulgare and non-invasive C. oleraceum. We assessed changes in soil nutrients and soil biota following soil conditioning by each species and compared performance of plants grown in self-conditioned and unconditioned soil, from which all, some or no biota was excluded.

Multi-target-directed therapeutic potential of 7-methoxytacrine-adamantylamine heterodimers in the Alzheimer's disease treatment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and currently there is no efficient treatment. The classic drug-design strategy based on the "one-molecule-one-target" paradigm was found to be ineffective in the case of multifactorial diseases like AD. A novel multi-target-directed ligand strategy based on the assumption that a single compound consisting of two or more distinct pharmacophores is able to hit multiple targets has been proposed as promising.

Possibility of Acetylcholinesterase Overexpression in Alzheimer Disease Patients after Therapy with Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.

Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for termination of excitatory transmission at cholinergic synapses by the hydrolyzing of a neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nowadays, other functions of acetylcholinesterase in the organism are considered, for example its role in regulation of apoptosis. Cholinergic nervous system as well as acetylcholinesterase activity is closely related to pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.

Outcomes of Alzheimer's disease therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a world-wide health problem with implications for an increasing number of people and countries. Populations suffering from AD financially strain the healthcare budgets of rich and poor countries alike. Moreover, no effective treatment is available and current drugs merely slow the progression of cognitive function deterioration and overall health status toward an inevitable end point.

A resurrection of 7-MEOTA: a comparison with tacrine.

Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative dementia which currently represents one of the biggest threats for the human kind. The cure is still unknown and various hypotheses (cholinergic, amyloidal, oxidative, vascular etc.) are investigated in order to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and on this basis find an effective treatment.

Spectrophotometric methods based on 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate and indoxylacetate for butyrylcholinesterase activity assay in plasma.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme presented in quite high level in blood plasma where it participates in detoxification reactions. Due to fact that the enzyme is constituted in livers, it is a marker of liver parenchyma function. It can be used for diagnosis of poisoning for e.

7-Methoxytacrine-adamantylamine heterodimers as cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease treatment--synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies.

A structural series of 7-MEOTA-adamantylamine thioureas was designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). The compounds were prepared based on the multi-target-directed ligand strategy with different linker lengths (n = 2-8) joining the well-known NMDA antagonist adamantine and the hAChE inhibitor 7-methoxytacrine (7-MEOTA). Based on in silico studies, these inhibitors proved dual binding site character capable of simultaneous interaction with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of hAChE and the catalytic active site (CAS).

Huperzine induces alteration in oxidative balance and antioxidants in a guinea pig model.

Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Symptomatic treatment is available by inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) such as rivastigmine, galantamine and donepezil. As huperzine is a promising compound for AD treatment, our study was aimed at evaluating its pertinent implications in oxidative stress.