FGFR3 mutation analysis in voided urine samples to decrease cystoscopies and cost in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer surveillance: a comparison of 3 strategies.

Purpose: We determined whether FGFR3 mutation analysis of voided urine samples would be cost-effective to partly replace cystoscopy in the surveillance of patients treated for nonmuscle invasive urothelial carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: In this decision analytical study we analyzed data on 70 Dutch patients with FGFR3 positive primary tumors and a median followup of 8.8 years.

Selection of microsatellite markers for bladder cancer diagnosis without the need for corresponding blood.

Microsatellite markers are used for loss-of-heterozygosity, allelic imbalance and clonality analyses in cancers. Usually, tumor DNA is compared to corresponding normal DNA. However, normal DNA is not always available and can display aberrant allele ratios due to copy number variations in the genome.

Genome-wide analysis of CpG island methylation in bladder cancer identified TBX2, TBX3, GATA2, and ZIC4 as pTa-specific prognostic markers.

Background: DNA methylation markers could serve as useful biomarkers, both as markers for progression and for urine-based diagnostic assays.

Objective: Identify bladder cancer (BCa)-specific methylated DNA sequences for predicting pTa-specific progression and detecting BCa in voided urine.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed on 44 bladder tumours using the Agilent 244K Human CpG Island Microarray (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).

FGFR3, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and PIK3CA mutations in bladder cancer and their potential as biomarkers for surveillance and therapy.

Background: Fifty percent of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MI-BC) die from their disease and current chemotherapy treatment only marginally increases survival. Novel therapies targeting receptor tyrosine kinases or activated oncogenes may improve outcome. Hence, it is necessary to stratify patients based on mutations in relevant oncogenes.

Bladder cancer: novel molecular characteristics, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.

Bladder cancer (BC) comes in two flavors: as non-muscle invasive (NMI) and as muscle invasive (MI) disease. These two subtypes differ in their genetic aberrations. In NMI-BC mutations in the FGFR3 oncogene are found with a frequency of 75%, whereas mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene prevail in MI-BC.

The development of multiple bladder tumour recurrences in relation to the FGFR3 mutation status of the primary tumour.

Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMI-BCs) represent 75% of bladder cancers upon presentation. After removal of the primary tumour by transurethral resection, multiple recurrences continue to develop in 70% of patients. Consequently, prolonged and costly surveillance by cystoscopy is required.