Potential low-impact immunogen for the production of anti-bothropic serum: Bothrops alternatus venom treated with NaEDTA.

This study proposes an alternative method using NaEDTA to neutralize B. alternatus venom and using it as an immunogen from the start of inoculation to minimize side effects and enhance antivenom production. To achieve this, 1.

Corrigendum to "CpG-ODN formulated with a nanostructure as adjuvant for anticrotalic serum production. Studies in mice" [Toxicon 215 (2022) 28-36].

Antivenom is the only safe and effective treatment to neutralize snake venom. Specific anti-venom used to treat snake bite is usually obtained from horses after hyperimmunization with crude snake venom in combination with Freund's Adjuvant. Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvant can cause severe local and systemic acute and chronic inflammation, its potentially severe inflammatory effects have led many researchers to seek alternative immunological adjuvants.

Traces of Bothrops snake venoms in necrotic muscle preclude myotube formation in vitro.

Deficient skeletal muscle regeneration, which often leads to permanent sequelae, is a common clinical finding in envenomations caused by snakes of the family Viperidae, such as those of Bothrops alternatus and B. diporus in South America. The causes of such poor muscle regenerative outcome are still incompletely understood.

Fast venomic analysis of from northeastern Argentina.

The complete knowledge of the toxins that make up venoms is the base for the treatment of snake accidents victims and the selection of specimens for the preparation of venom pools for antivenom production. In this work, we used a fast and direct venomics approach to identify the toxin families in the venom, a Southern American Neotropical rattlesnake. The RP-HPLC separation profile of pooled venom from adult specimens followed by mass spectrometry analysis revealed that venom proteome is composed of 12 protein families, which are unevenly distributed in the venom, e.

Biochemical characterization and cytotoxic effect of the skin secretion from the red-spotted Argentina frog (Anura: Hylidae).

Background: (red-spotted Argentina frog) is a casque-headed tree frog species belonging to the Hylidae family. This species has a complex combination of anti-predator defense mechanisms that include a highly lethal skin secretion. However, biochemical composition and biological effects of this secretion have not yet been studied.

P9a(Cdt-PLA2) from Crotalus durissus terrificus as good immunogen to be employed in the production of crotalic anti-PLA2 IgG.

Four proteins with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, designated P9a(Cdt-PLA2), P9b(Cdt-PLA2), P10a(Cdt-PLA2) and P10b(Cdt-PLA2) were purified from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus by two chromatographic steps: a gel filtration and reversed phase HPLC. The profile obtained clearly shows that three of them have a similar abundance. The molecular mass, 14193.