Should gynecologists approach obesity? A survey analysis.

This study evaluated the prevalence of women attending gynecological consultations who wish to discuss weight issues, barriers preventing physicians from addressing obesity, and differences in perceptions between patients and physicians. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 at the , including 404 female patients (median age: 47.5 years) and 140 gynecologists.

Prevalence and impact of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause among women in Brazil: Subgroup analysis from an international cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study assessed the prevalence and impact of moderate and/or severe vasomotor symptoms and related treatment patterns in midlife women in Brazil.

Study Design: Brazilian women aged 40 to 65 years completed an online survey. The prevalence of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms was assessed in postmenopausal women who completed a series of questionnaires to elicit responses regarding their treatment patterns and attitudes to treatments.

Prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin in women with thrombophilia undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Objective: To verify whether low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) could increase pregnancy rates and/or decrease abortion rates in women with thrombophilia undergoing assisted reproduction cycles.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) (N = 104). Women without thrombophilia (control group, n = 20), women with thrombophilia who did not receive LMWH (untreated group, n = 30), and women with thrombophilia, treated with daily enoxaparin from the day of embryo transfer until week 36 of gestation (treated group, n = 54).

Best Laboratory Screening in Diagnosing Secondary Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool and the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group Performance in Determining Clinical Risk: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of the Bone Health in Postmenopausal Brazilian Women.

Background: Identifying postmenopausal women with a high risk of having osteoporosis and fractures is a current challenge. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of biochemical tests in identifying secondary osteoporosis and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in identifying fracture risk.

Methods: Data from biochemical tests and bone densitometry of postmenopausal women were analyzed.

Effects of ultra-low dose hormone therapy on biochemical bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of ultra-low-dose hormone therapy (Ultra-LD HT) with 17β-estradiol 0.5 mg and norethisterone acetate 0.1 mg (E2 0.

Performance of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool Associated with Muscle Mass Measurements and Handgrip to Screen for the Risk of Osteoporosis in Young Postmenopausal Women.

Objective:  To evaluate the improvement in screening accuracy of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) for the risk of developing osteoporosis among young postmenopausal women by associating with it clinical muscle mass measures.

Methods:  A sample of postmenopausal women was submitted to calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), application of the FRAX questionnaire, and screening for the risk of developing sarcopenia at a health fair held in the city of São Bernardo do Campo in 2019. The sample also underwent anthropometric measurements, muscle mass, walking speed and handgrip tests.

White, brown, and bone marrow adipose tissue behavior in DHEA-induced PCOS mice.

Methods: Thirty-one female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: two were treated with subcutaneous dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) implants and divided into normal and hypercaloric diet (HFD). Two were control and divided into normal and HFD. Presence of insulin resistance, growth, and adipocyte markers expression of white and brown adipose tissues and growth and inflammatory cytokines expression of bone marrow adipose tissue were evaluated.

Bleeding Pattern and Management of Unexpected Bleeding/Spotting with an Extended Regimen of a Combination of Ethinylestradiol 20 mcg and Drospirenone 3 mg.

Objective: To compare the bleeding pattern in women using ethinylestradiol 20 mcg/drospirenone 3 mg (EE 20 mcg/DRSP 3 mg) in a 24/4-day cyclic regimen with an extended regimen. Unexpected bleeding/spotting in the extended regimen group was managed by allowing a 4-day hormone-free interval (HFI).

Methods: This was a randomized, prospective, open-label, multicenter study.

The Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Intramedullary, Inguinal and Visceral Fat in Ovariectomized Rats.

Objective:  The present article aims to evaluate the impact of testosterone treatment on the expansion of visceral, subcutaneous and intramedullary adipose tissue of ovariectomized rats and the visceral and subcutaneous fat expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) gamma METHODS:  In total 48 female Wistar rats were castrated and randomly divided into 6 treatment groups: group E2 was submitted to estradiol 5 μg/day; group T, to testosterone 5 μg/day; group E2 + T, to estradiol 5 μg/day + testosterone 5 μg/day; group TT, to testosterone 30 μg/day; group E2 + TT, to estradiol 5 μg/day + testosterone 30 μg/day; and placebo was administered to group P. After 5 weeks, the rats were euthanized, the inguinal and visceral adipose tissues were harvested, weighted, and had their PPAR gamma expression evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The right femurs were harvested and histologically prepared to perform the number count of the intramedullary adipocytes.

Effect of Testosterone on Proliferation Markers and Apoptosis in Breasts of Ovariectomized Rats.

Objective:  To investigate the action of testosterone (T), isolated or associated with estradiol benzoate (EB), on the proliferation markers and apoptosis of breasts of ovariectomized rats.

Methods:  A total of 48 castrated female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups, and each of them were submitted to one of the following treatments for 5 weeks: 1) control; 2) EB 50 mcg/day  + T 50 mcg/day; 3) T 50mcg/day; 4) EB 50 mcg + T 300 mcg/day; 5) T 300 mcg/day; and 6) EB 50 mcg/day. After the treatment, the mammary tissue was submitted to a histological analysis and immunoexpression evaluation of proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA) and apoptosis (caspase-3).

Is the Expression of the Components of the Carotid Matrix of Rats Influenced by Estrogen, Progestin and Tibolone?

Objective:  To analyze the effects of estrogen alone or in combination with progestogens and tibolone (TIB) on the expression of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9), of perlecan, and of heparanase (HPSE) of the vascular walls of the carotid arteries.

Methods:  A total of 30 250-day-old ovariectomized Wistar rats were orally treated for 5 weeks with: a) 1 mg/kg of estradiol benzoate (EB); b) EB + 0.2 mg/kg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA); c) EB + 0.

Association of and Polymorphisms with Endometrial Polyp Risk.

Introduction: Insulin-like growth factor 1 is a peptide growth factor that promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis. The bioavailability of is regulated by the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 Genetic variations influence the levels of and . The purpose of this study was to examine the association of polymorphisms and with risk of endometrial polyps.

Personality Traits of Postmenopausal Women with Sexual Dysfunction.

Objective:  The aim of the present study is to identify the association between personality traits of postmenopausal women and the occurrence of sexual dysfunction.

Methods:  A total of 43 postmenopausal women were evaluated according to their self-perception of the quality of their sexual life. They answered the following questionnaires: Sociodemographic Profile Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Factorial Personality Inventory (FPI-II).

Brazilian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is the leading cause of fractures in the population older than 50 years. This silent disease affects primarily postmenopausal women and the elderly, and the morbidity and mortality rates are high. The main goal of treating osteoporosis is the prevention of fractures.

Differential Diagnosis between Bartholin Cyst and Vulvar Leiomyoma: Case Report.

Genital leiomyomas are rare tumors that can often be misdiagnosed as Bartholin cyst. We report a case of a 32-year-old patient who had a cystic nodulation in the left labium majus that was suggestive of Bartholin cyst. A resection surgery was performed, and the definitive histopathology diagnosis was vulvar leiomyoma.

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial for evaluating the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser compared with topical estriol in the treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of fractional CO2 vaginal laser treatment (Laser, L) and compare it to local estrogen therapy (Estriol, E) and the combination of both treatments (Laser + Estriol, LE) in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).

Methods: A total of 45 postmenopausal women meeting inclusion criteria were randomized in L, E, or LE groups. Assessments at baseline, 8 and 20 weeks, were conducted using Vaginal Health Index (VHI), Visual Analog Scale for VVA symptoms (dyspareunia, dryness, and burning), Female Sexual Function Index, and maturation value (MV) of Meisels.

Evaluation of Quality of life, Physical Activity and Nutritional Profile of Postmenopausal Women with and without Vitamin D Deficiency.

 Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various diseases. Prevalent in Brazil, it can result from inadequate lifestyle habits.  To demonstrate that postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency have worse quality of health, expressed as worse quality of life, lower levels of physical activity, and worse nutritional profile.

Influence of Dyslipidemia on the Quality of Sexual Life in Women in the Menacme using a Combined Oral Contraceptive.

 Female sexual dysfunction is a complex and common condition that affects women, and the relationship between sexual function and dyslipidemia is poorly studied. This study aims to assess this relationship in the reproductive life women in the menacme who use combined oral contraceptives (COCs).  A total of 49 healthy women who were sexually active received COC pills that contained ethinylestradiol 30 mcg (EE30) plus levonorgestrel 150 mcg (LNG150).

Effects of an extended flexible regimen of an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone on menstrual-related symptoms: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy for menstrual-related symptoms of an extended flexible regimen of an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone in comparison with a 24/4 d cyclical regimen of the same formulation.

Methods: This randomised, non-inferiority, open-label, multicentre study was conducted in women aged 18-39 years. Their menstrual-related symptoms were assessed using the Penn Daily Symptom Rating (DSR17).

Adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy in early breast cancer: what factors lead patients to discontinue treatment?

Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are standard hormone therapy (HT) for the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal endocrine-sensitive early breast cancer. Treatment discontinuation due to toxicity is an important issue that may help clinicians identify effective clinical interventions to allow adequate treatment duration. We reviewed the main reasons for interruption of AIs at our institution from 2006 to 2009.