Childhood maltreatment as a predictor of substance use/misuse among youth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively describe whether experiencing a variety of childhood maltreatment types predicts a variety of substance use/misuse types among youth, beyond the narrow scope covered in previous systematic reviews on similar topics. A literature search was conducted in June, 2022 using PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase. 58 studies (total participant n=170,749) were included.

Neurocognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used with increasing frequency as a therapeutic tool to alleviate clinical symptoms of obsessive compulsive-disorder (OCD). However, little is known about the effects of tDCS on neurocognitive functioning among OCD patients. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature examining the effects of tDCS on specific neurocognitive functions in OCD.

White matter diffusion estimates in obsessive-compulsive disorder across 1653 individuals: machine learning findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group.

White matter pathways, typically studied with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have been implicated in the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, due to limited sample sizes and the predominance of single-site studies, the generalizability of OCD classification based on diffusion white matter estimates remains unclear. Here, we tested classification accuracy using the largest OCD DTI dataset to date, involving 1336 adult participants (690 OCD patients and 646 healthy controls) and 317 pediatric participants (175 OCD patients and 142 healthy controls) from 18 international sites within the ENIGMA OCD Working Group.

Assessing remission in major depressive disorder using a functional-structural data fusion pipeline: A CAN-BIND-1 study.

Neural network-level changes underlying symptom remission in major depressive disorder (MDD) are often studied from a single perspective. Multimodal approaches to assess neuropsychiatric disorders are evolving, as they offer richer information about brain networks. A pipeline was developed to integrate a computationally intense data fusion method with a toolbox, to produce a faster and more intuitive pipeline for combining functional connectivity with structural connectivity (denoted as anatomically weighted functional connectivity ()).

A genome-wide association, polygenic risk score and sex study on opioid use disorder treatment outcomes.

Opioid use disorder continues to be a health concern with a high rate of opioid related deaths occurring worldwide. Medication Assisted Treatments (MAT) have been shown to reduce opioid withdrawal, cravings and opioid use, however variability exists in individual's treatment outcomes. Sex-specific differences have been reported in opioid use patterns, polysubstance use and health and social functioning.

Diagnostic deep learning algorithms that use resting EEG to distinguish major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia from each other and from healthy volunteers.

Background: Mood disorders and schizophrenia affect millions worldwide. Currently, diagnosis is primarily determined by reported symptomatology. As symptoms may overlap, misdiagnosis is common, potentially leading to ineffective or destabilizing treatment.

Lifestyle in bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Modifiable lifestyle behaviors are important factors for improving mental health, yet there has been a lack of research studying lifestyle as a multidimensional construct in bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the lifestyle patterns of individuals with BD in a current mood episode with healthy controls (HCs) using the Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE).

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of 46 individuals with BD currently experiencing a depressive or manic episode and 50 HC, assessed using the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).

Genetics of cannabis use in opioid use disorder: A genome-wide association and polygenic risk score study.

Background: Individuals with an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have increased rates of cannabis use in comparison to the general population. Research on the short- and long-term impacts of cannabis use in OUD patients has been inconclusive. A genetic component may contribute to cannabis cravings.

Lifestyle interventions for bipolar disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This review and meta-analysis aimed to describe the existing literature on interventions for bipolar disorder (BD) targeting the 6 pillars of Lifestyle Psychiatry: diet, physical activity (PA), substance use (SU), sleep, stress management, and social relationships (SR). Randomized Controlled Trials that examined the efficacy of lifestyle interventions targeting improvement in depressive/(hypo)manic symptom severity, lifestyle patterns, functioning, quality of life, and/or circadian rhythms were included. The systematic review included 18 studies, while the meta-analysis included studies targeting the same lifestyle domains and outcomes.

Lifestyle Behaviors, Depression, and Anxiety Among Individuals Living in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The aim of our study was to investigate the association between lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. A web survey was conducted between July 3-August 3, 2020, across Canada. The main outcomes considered were a positive screening for depression, as evaluated by the PHQ-2 and positive screening for anxiety, as evaluated by the GAD-7.

Loss of age-related laminar differentiation of intracortical myelin in bipolar disorder.

Age-related changes of intracortical myelin in bipolar disorder (BD) have been observed to deviate from the quadratic age curve observed in healthy controls (HC), but it is unclear if this holds at varying cortical depths. From BD (n = 44; age range = 17.6-45.

Predictors of perceived symptom change with acute cannabis use for mental health conditions in a naturalistic sample: A machine learning approach.

Background: Despite limited clinical evidence of its efficacy, cannabis use has been commonly reported for the management of various mental health concerns in naturalistic field studies. The aim of the current study was to use machine learning methods to investigate predictors of perceived symptom change across various mental health symptoms with acute cannabis use in a large naturalistic sample.

Methods: Data from 68,819 unique observations of cannabis use from 1307 individuals using cannabis to manage mental health symptoms were analyzed.

Gray matter volume drives the brain age gap in schizophrenia: a SHAP study.

Neuroimaging-based brain age is a biomarker that is generated by machine learning (ML) predictions. The brain age gap (BAG) is typically defined as the difference between the predicted brain age and chronological age. Studies have consistently reported a positive BAG in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ).

A detailed manual segmentation procedure for the hypothalamus for 3T T1-weighted MRI.

The hypothalamus is a small grey matter structure which plays a crucial role in many physiological functions. Some studies have found an association between hypothalamic volume and psychopathology, which stresses the need for a standardized method to maximize segmentation accuracy. Here, we provide a detailed step-by-step method outlining the procedures to manually segment the hypothalamus using anatomical T1w images from 3T scanners, which many neuroimaging studies collect as a standard anatomical reference image.

Estradiol Replacement as a Potential Enhancer of Working Memory and Neuroplasticity in Hypogonadal Trans Women.

Introduction: The cognitive effects of cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) are not well understood. In cisgender individuals, sex hormone therapy can impact neurotransmitter levels and structural anatomy. Similarly, in gender-diverse persons, CSHT has been associated with neural adaptations, such as growth in brain structures resembling those observed in cisgender individuals of the same sex.

Intracortical myelin in individuals with alcohol use disorder: An initial proof-of-concept study.

Introduction: Disruption of cortical gray matter and white matter tracts are well-established markers of alcohol use disorder (AUD), but less is known about whether similar differences are present in intracortical myelin (ICM, i.e., highly myelinated gray matter in deeper cortical layers).

Associations of medication with subcortical morphology across the lifespan in OCD: Results from the international ENIGMA Consortium.

Background: Widely used psychotropic medications for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may change the volumes of subcortical brain structures, and differently in children vs. adults. We measured subcortical volumes cross-sectionally in patients finely stratified for age taking various common classes of OCD drugs.

Reduced Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Type 5 Availability in the Epileptogenic Hippocampus: An Study.

Abnormalities in the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5) have been observed in the hippocampus of patients with drug-resistant mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE). studies in mTLE hippocampal surgical specimens have shown increased mGluR5 immunoreactivity, while whole brain imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) demonstrated reduced hippocampal mGluR5 availability. To further understand mGluR5 abnormalities in mTLE, we performed a saturation autoradiography study with [H]ABP688 (a negative mGluR5 allosteric modulator).

Smartphone-based interventions in bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analyses of efficacy. A position paper from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Big Data Task Force.

Background: The clinical effects of smartphone-based interventions for bipolar disorder (BD) have yet to be established.

Objectives: To examine the efficacy of smartphone-based interventions in BD and how the included studies reported user-engagement indicators.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search on January 24, 2022, in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, APA PsycINFO, and Web of Science.

Thrifty-Eating Behavior Phenotype at the Food Court - Programming Goes Beyond Food Preferences.

Introduction: Prenatal growth impairment leads to higher preference for palatable foods in comparison to normal prenatal growth subjects, which can contribute to increased body fat mass and a higher risk for developing chronic diseases in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) individuals throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SGA on feeding behavior in children and adolescents, as well as resting-state connectivity between areas related to reward, self-control, and value determination, such as orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC), amygdala and dorsal striatum (DS).

Methods: Caregivers and their offspring were recruited from two independent cohorts in Brazil (PROTAIA) and Canada (MAVAN).

An investigation of cannabis use for insomnia in depression and anxiety in a naturalistic sample.

Background: Little is known about cannabis use for insomnia in individuals with depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety. To develop a better understanding of distinct profiles of cannabis use for insomnia management, a retrospective cohort study was conducted on a large naturalistic sample.

Methods: Data were collected using the medicinal cannabis tracking app, Strainprint®, which allows users to monitor and track cannabis use for therapeutic purposes.

A DSM-5-based tool to monitor concurrent mood and premenstrual symptoms: the McMaster Premenstrual and Mood Symptom Scale (MAC-PMSS).

Background: Despite high co-morbidity between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and mood disorders, there is a gap of research-based tools to monitor concurrent premenstrual and mood symptoms. In this study, we developed a new DSM-5-based questionnaire to prospectively monitor concurrent premenstrual and mood symptoms.

Methods: Fifty-two females with bipolar or major depressive disorder, ages 16-45, were enrolled in the study.

Effective recommendations towards healthy routines to preserve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To assess the adherence to a set of evidence-based recommendations to support mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its association with depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Methods: A team of health workers and researchers prepared the recommendations, formatted into three volumes (1: COVID-19 prevention; 2: Healthy habits; 3: Biological clock and sleep). Participants were randomized to receive only Volume 1 (control), Volumes 1 and 2, Volumes 1 and 3, or all volumes.

Lifestyle predictors of depression and anxiety during COVID-19: a machine learning approach.

Introduction: Recent research has suggested an increase in the global prevalence of psychiatric symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess whether lifestyle behaviors can predict the presence of depression and anxiety in the Brazilian general population, using a model developed in Spain.

Methods: A web survey was conducted during April-May 2020, which included the Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation (SMILE) scale, assessing lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.