Association between Falls, Fear of Falling and Depressive Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: Longevity increases pose public health challenges, especially in managing falls and their psychological impacts on older adults. Limited evidence exists on the relationship between a fear of falling (FOF), previous falls, and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: To evaluate the association between falls, FOF, and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults.

Quantitative and Qualitative Research in the Field of 'Spirituality and Health': An Introductory How-to-Guide from a Brazilian Perspective.

The present article aims to describe the different steps on how to design, develop and conduct quantitative and qualitative Spirituality and Health (S/H) studies from a Brazilian perspective, discussing definitions and instruments, and proposing a "how-to guide" for those interested in this field of research. A narrative review of the literature has been conducted by experts in the field of S/H aiming to develop a "how-to-guide". Spirituality is a very complex concept that has several challenges in the current scientific literature, including the lack of consensus in the definitions, the numerous dimensions assessed, the diverse instruments for measurement, the criticisms from other scholars, the great diversity of religious and cultural traditions and the growing number of "spiritual but not religious" individuals.

Mentally healthy living after pandemic social distancing: a study of older Canadians reveals helpful anxiety reduction strategies.

Background: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older Canadians were the most at risk of severe physical harm, including death, and their return to post-COVID life was expected to be especially anxiety-provoking. A study was conducted to obtain nationally representative evidence of older Canadians' self-perceived anxiety levels and their strategies to manage or mitigate it as public health restrictions were lifting.

Materials And Methods: This study had a cross-sectional descriptive design.

Association between religiosity/spirituality and substance use among homeless individuals.

Background: Alcohol and illicit drug use are prevalent among homeless people. Religiosity and spirituality (RS) have been widely associated with lower consumption of substances. However, evidence of this relationship among homeless people is still scarce.

The influence of classical music on learning and memory in rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

During the learning process, music can activate important neural areas in the brain, promoting the retention of information and memory formation. However, studies testing music effects on memory had found different improvements, which could be due to the methodological differences across studies. Thus, the purpose of this article was to systematically review the literature and meta-analyze the effects of music on Rattus norvegicus' explicit memory (Maze tests) only in controlled investigations.

The Relationship Between Mental health, Metacognition, and Emotion Regulation in Older People.

Objectives: It is unclear if using emotion regulation strategies can help manage the effects of anxiety and depression on metacognitive strategies in older people. This study aimed to verify the effect of emotion regulation in the interaction between mental disorders and metacognition.

Methods: A mediation analysis was performed to assess the role of emotion regulation in the interaction between mental disorders and metacognition in older people.

Prevalence of Polypharmacy of Older People in a Large Brazilian Urban Center and its Associated Factors.

Background: With the aging population comes greater risks associated with polypharmacy, a significant public health problem.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy and its associated factors through Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) among older adults treated in primary health care (PHC) in a large Brazilian urban center.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a random sampling of 400 older adults using primary health care.

The effectiveness of spiritual care training on medical students' self-reported competencies: A quasi-experimental study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual care training on medical students' self-reported competencies.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental (controlled and non-randomized) study including 115 Brazilian medical students. Participants were enrolled into 2 groups: fourth-year students ( = 64) who received spiritual care training and sixth-year students ( = 51) who did not receive this training - control group (i.

The role of spirituality and religiosity on the cognitive decline of community-dwelling older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study.

Objectives: This study aims to assess whether having religious beliefs, attending religious services and using spiritual-religious coping (SRC) are longitudinally associated with cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: A 4-year longitudinal study of 261 Brazilian older adults was conducted. Hierarchical adjusted linear regression models and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the longitudinal effects of religious beliefs, church attendance and positive and negative SRC on cognitive decline.

The Influence of Religiosity and Spirituality on the Happiness, Optimism, and Pessimism of Brazilian Medical Students.

Background: Mental health problems are very common among medical students, becoming a concern for health care professionals and educators. Despite the fact that there is a growing body of literature supporting the role of religiosity and spirituality (RS) on mental health and on positive psychology outcomes, little evidence is available among medical students, a population subjected to important distress.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the role of RS on the levels of optimism, pessimism, and happiness among Brazilian medical students.

Mental health, quality of life and optimism during the covid-19 pandemic: a comparison between Brazil and Portugal.

Purpose: Although there have been numerous studies investigating the mental health of individuals during the pandemic, a comparison between countries is still scarce in the literature. To explore this gap, the present study aimed to compare the mental health (i.e.

Spirituality and religiosity are associated with physical and psychological status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Management strategies that incorporate spirituality and religiosity (S/R) have been associated with better health status in clinical populations. However, few data are available for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to improve the traditional disease-model treatment.

Aims: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the association between S/R and physical and psychological status in patients with stable COPD.

Exploring Depressive Symptoms Among Healthcare Professionals and the General Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil.

Our study aimed to examine the symptoms that might play a role in the co-occurrence of 9 DSM-5 symptom criteria of major depression among Brazil's adult population and healthcare professionals after three months of detecting the new coronavirus in Brazil. We estimated regularized Gaussian graphical models for both samples and compared the network structures. Depressed mood was the most central symptom in the general population network compared to the healthcare professional network.

Factors associated with mental health and quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.

Background: Although mental distress and quality of life (QoL) impairments because of the pandemic have increased worldwide, the way that each community has been affected has varied.

Aims: This study evaluated the impact of social distancing imposed by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on Brazilians' mental health and QoL.

Method: In this cross-sectional community-based online survey, data from 1156 community-dwelling adults were gathered between 11 May and 3 June 2020.

Digital educational technology for care management of diabetes mellitus people's feet.

Objective: to develop and validate a distance learning course aimed at the pillars of care management of diabetes mellitus people's feet.

Method: a technological production research using Moodle Virtual Learning Environment, based on Andragogy, Constructionism and Instructional Design. Content is based on consensus guidelines on diabetic foot.

Psychometric properties of the falls efficacy scale-international and validating the short version among older Brazilians.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to: (1) confirm the reliability and validity of a single factor structure for the 16-item FES-I within a Brazilian context; and (2) confirm the reliability and validity of the abbreviated Short FES-I (7 items) within a Brazilian context.

Methods: We compared the reliability and construct validity of the unidimensional FES-I and the Short FES-I among older Brazilians. Our analyses included confirmatory factor analyses, and discriminatory validity and internal reliability consistency comparisons.

Implementation of a Longitudinal Mentorship Program for Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Motivation of Brazilian Medical Students.

Objectives: Mentoring has been used as a strategy for mental health prevention and the promotion of quality of life in medical students, with mixed results. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of mental health, quality of life, and academic motivation of medical students after implementation of a longitudinal curricular mentoring program relative to those students without mentoring in their curricula.

Method: The results of the mentoring program were assessed by comparing two classes of 2nd-year students of a school of medicine (one that had received mentoring since admission and another which had no exposure to the method during the course).

Is the Physical Environment Associated with Spiritual and Religious Coping in Older Age? Evidence from Brazil.

In this cross-sectional Brazilian survey, we examined associations between aspects of physical environment (PE) and spiritual/religious coping (SRC) behaviors. Our studied sample was 77 nursing homes (NH) and 326 community-dwelling residents (CDRs). Aspects of the PE were measured using the environmental domain of the WHOQOL-BREF.