The Brain Tumor Segmentation - Metastases (BraTS-METS) Challenge 2023: Brain Metastasis Segmentation on Pre-treatment MRI.

The translation of AI-generated brain metastases (BM) segmentation into clinical practice relies heavily on diverse, high-quality annotated medical imaging datasets. The BraTS-METS 2023 challenge has gained momentum for testing and benchmarking algorithms using rigorously annotated internationally compiled real-world datasets. This study presents the results of the segmentation challenge and characterizes the challenging cases that impacted the performance of the winning algorithms.

Hirayama Disease: Case Report.

A 26-year-old previously healthy patient who, at the age of 18 years, began progressive loss of distal strength, rest tremor, and muscle atrophy in the left upper limb. Upon examination, the patient presented moderate distal atrophy, degree 4 in muscular strength, and minipolymioclonus. Electromyoneurography revealed (EMNG) chronic preganglionic bilateral involvement of bilateral C7/C8/T1, worse on the left, with signs of active C8/T1 denervation.

Evaluation of intravascular contrast media transit times in coronary computed tomography angiography.

Objective: To measure the transit times (TTs) of contrast agents among the injection site (antecubital vein), superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and ascending aorta, in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) examinations of outpatients with no history of cardiovascular or lung disease, thus defining reference values for those TTs.

Materials And Methods: The contrast TTs from the injection site (antecubital vein) to the superior vena cava, from the superior vena cava to the pulmonary trunk, and from the pulmonary trunk to the ascending aorta were measured by monitoring contrast enhancement in real time (bolus tracking). Cardiac output was measured by the geometric method during the CTA examination and was correlated with the contrast TT.

Contrast-Enhanced Mammography (CEM) for Detecting Residual Disease after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Comparison with Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Objective: To evaluate the performance of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods: The institutional review board approved this study. This prospective study included women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent breast CEM and MRI at the end of the last cycle of NAC and before definitive surgery.

Pregnancy-induced growth of a spinal hemangioblastoma: presumed mechanisms and their implications for therapeutic approaches.

Hemangioblastomas are benign tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) that may occur either sporadically or as part of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, in which they coexist with a series of other tumors outside the CNS. Because of their low mitosis rate, hemangioblastomas usually have slow-growing and late manifestations, but may cause sudden neurological symptoms if tumor hemorrhage occurs. Few studies have evaluated the impact of pregnancy on the evolution of hemangioblastomas.

Accuracy of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography for estimating residual tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer: a feasibility study.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) of the breast for assessing the size of residual tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Materials And Methods: In breast cancer patients who underwent NAC between 2011 and 2013, we evaluated residual tumor measurements obtained with CESM and full-field digital mammography (FFDM). We determined the concordance between the methods, as well as their level of agreement with the pathology.

Correlation of clinical findings and brain volume data in multiple sclerosis.

Brain volume measurements are becoming an important tool for assessing success in controlling multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. MSmetrix (icometrix) is an easy-to-use platform, specific for MS magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. It provides data on total brain volume, grey matter volume and lesion load volume.

Update on middle ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy-insights on pathophysiology.

Introduction Middle ear barotrauma is the most common side effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Knowledge and understanding of its pathophysiology are crucial for an accurate diagnosis and proper decision making about treatment and prevention. Objective Describe up-to-date information on pathophysiology of middle ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy considering the physiology of pressure variation of the middle ear.

An 81-year-old male with iliopsoas abscess by Streptococcus sanguis.

Iliopsoas muscle abscess is an uncommon condition, which has been growing in incidence. We describe a primary iliopsoas abscess by Streptococcus sanguis affecting an 81-year-old man cured by antibiotic therapy and aspiration procedure. The objective is to enhance the suspicion index about the iliopsoas abscess that may be mistaken for other causes of acute abdomen.

Stroke: bowel dysfunction in patients admitted for rehabilitation.

Aim: to assess the prevalence of diminished frequency of bowel movements, lumpy or hard stools, intestinal constipation, straining, incomplete evacuation, incontinence (bowel dysfunctions) in patients with brain injury resulting from cerebrovascular accident, either self-reported or reported by their caregivers; to describe the type and frequency of such dysfunctions; and the prevalence of laxative use both before and after stroke.

Method: cross-sectional study with 98 hospitalized patients admitted for rehabilitation between December 2009 and May 2010.

Results: the prevalence of bowel dysfunctions before stroke was 23.

Mastoid surface area-to-volume ratios in adult Brazilian individuals.

Unlabelled: Computed tomography-based measurements of mastoid surface area and volume have not been described for adult Brazilian individuals. These measurements add to the understanding of middle ear physiology, related diseases, and their impact on mastoid pneumatization.

Objective: To check the ratio between mastoid surface area and volume.

Brain MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in patients with hyperargininemia.

Background And Purpose: Hyperargininemia (HA) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder and the neuroimaging features of this disease have seldom been reported. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is uncommon in HA, and the clinical presentation of HA is distinct from other urea cycle disorders. This paper describes the brain MRI findings and a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study of a series of Brazilian HA patients.

Middle ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy - the role of insuflation maneuvers.

Objective: To analyze the association of insuflation maneuvers status before hyperbaric oxygen therapy with middle ear barotrauma.

Materials And Methods: Fouty-one patients (82 ears) admitted to the Department of Hyperbaric Medicine from May 2011 to July 2012. Assessments occurred: before and after the first session, after sessions with symptoms.

Craniofacial findings in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: computerized tomography evaluation.

Objective: The aim of this study was the evaluation by using computerized tomography (CT) of craniofacial abnormalities in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) patients regarding jaw restriction and retrognathia.

Study Design: Seven FOP patients were evaluated retrospectively in this observational study. Inclusion criteria were detection of ACVR1 gene mutation and complete craniofacial CT examination.

Brain metabolism in Rett syndrome: age, clinical, and genotype correlations.

Objective: Brain metabolism, as studied by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has been previously shown to be abnormal in Rett syndrome (RTT). This study reports the relation of MRS findings to age, disease severity, and genotype.

Methods: Forty RTT girls (1-14 years old) and 12 age-matched control subjects were examined.

3T MR with diffusion tensor imaging and single-voxel spectroscopy in giant axonal neuropathy.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS) data were obtained in a patient with giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) and compared to a control group. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent coefficient diffusion (ADC) data were obtained from specific white matter tracts including the corticospinal tracts (CST), corpus callosum (CC), optic radiations (OR), and middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP). Analysis of the MRS was performed.

Idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor of the carotid sheath.

We present a biopsy proven case of 47 years-old man with a carotid pseudotumor, clinically presented as carotidynia. CT showed a mass encasing and narrowing the common carotid artery and MRI showed hypointense signal in T2 and intense enhancement after contrast media administration. The patient was suspected to have an inflammatory process and steroids were prescribed.

Laparoscopic treatment of anterior sacral meningocele.

Background: Anterior sacral meningocele is a rare congenital malformation, whose open surgical treatment is well accepted. We present a laparoscopic approach as an adjunctive approach.

Methods: Five women who underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal surgery were clinically, radiologically, and surgically evaluated.

[Ultrasonic findings of intracranial hemorrhage in preterm neonates].

Intracranial hemorrhage ICH is one of the most common neurological events in pre-term newborn ICH is associated with low birth weight (< 1500 g) and gestational age (GA) at delivery (< 32 weeks). The most common site affected is the germinal matrix. Papile et al.

[Ophthalmoplegic migraine: MRI findings. Case report].

Ophthalmoplegic migraine is a rare syndrome in which headache is associated with ophthalmoplegia and third, fourth or sixth cranial nerves palsy. It occurs most frequently in childhood and teenagers. At magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium (GD-DTPA) it may be observed a transitory enhancement of the affected nerve.