Morphological and Histopathological Study of Autopsied Patients with Atherosclerosis and HIV.

Background: Chronic infection by HIV evolves with a vascular inflammatory action causing endothelial dysfunction. The action of the virus, as well as the side effects of antiretroviral drugs, contribute to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the percentage of collagen fibers and the density of mast cells, chymase and tryptase, in aortas of patients with and without HIV, and also patients with and without atherosclerosis.

[Postoperative angioedema induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor: case report].

Background And Objectives: Angioedema is a potentially fatal condition that may occur at any time in the perioperative period. It may result from histamine release, hypersensitivity reaction to drugs, or be triggered by bradykinin, in non-allergic reactions of hereditary or acquired etiology. The aim of this report is to report a case of angioedema in the early postoperative period in a patient on antihypertensive medication involving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Width of sulcus and thickness of gyrus in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis: a new tool for the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral atherosclerosis is the main cause of lesions that contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia, followed by arteriosclerosis of small vessels and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The purpose of this study was to compare the post-mortem radiological alterations of autopsied adults with the macroscopic alterations in the posterior region of these brains in order to establish a relationship between the two forms of analysis and to discuss the relevance of the prevention of vascular cognitive impairment in patients with encephalic atherosclerosis.

Materials And Methods: Thirteen brains were analysed macroscopically to assess the degree of atherosclerosis of the basilar and the posterior cerebral arteries.

[Comparative ultrasound study of gastric emptying between an isotonic solution and a nutritional supplement].

Background And Objectives: Preoperative fasting may lead to undesirable effects in the surgical patient in whom there is a stimulus to ingesting clear liquids until 2 hours before anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying of two different solutions using ultrasound.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 34 healthy volunteers ingested 200 mL of two solutions without residues in two steps: an isotonic solution with carbohydrates, electrolytes, osmolarity of 292 mOsm.

Rupture of the myocardium in autopsied MI hearts.

Although myocardial rupture occurs in only 2% to 4% of cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), there is a high mortality rate due to acute cardiogenic shock. We present the anatomopathological findings of three cases of myocardial rupture in autopsied hearts in the last 30 years, with a diagnosis of cardiac rupture in acute myocardial infarction. In these 30 years the percentage of AMI with myocardial rupture was 0.

Tongue development in stillborns autopsied at different gestational ages.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze, through the morphometric method, the perimeter and length of the tongue, the collagen fibers, and the perimeter of blood vessels at different gestational ages and fetal weights.

Material And Methods: Tongues (n=55) of stillborns autopsied at 23-40 weeks of gestational age were macroscopically analyzed, and their length and perimeter were measured. Fifty-five tongue fragments were collected through a longitudinal section in the region that accompanies the median lingual sulcus and histologically processed.

Implications of alcoholic cirrhosis in atherosclerosis of autopsied patients.

Introduction:: Alcoholism is a major public health problem, which has a high social cost and affects many aspects of human activity. Liver disease is one of the first consequences of alcohol abuse, and steatosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatitis may occur. Other organs are also affected with pathological changes, such as pancreatitis, cardiomyopathies, dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis.

Qualitative and quantitative ultrasound assessment of gastric content.

Objective:: Pulmonary aspiration of the gastric contents is one of the most feared complications in anesthesia. Its prevention depends on preoperative fasting as well as identification of risky patients. A reliable diagnostic tool to assess gastric volume is currently lacking.

[Use of ultrasound for gastric volume evaluation after ingestion of different volumes of isotonic solution].

Background And Objectives: The current preoperative fasting guidelines allow fluid intake up to 2hours before surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric volume of volunteers after an overnight fast and compare it with the gastric volume 2hours after ingestion of 200 and 500mL of isotonic solution, by means of ultrasound assessment.

Method: Eighty volunteers underwent gastric ultrasound at three times: after 8hours of fasting; 2hours after ingestion of 200mL isotonic saline, followed by the first scan; and on another day, 2hours after ingestion of 500mL of the same solution after an overnight fast.